🇧🇪Belgium

EASA and national authorities gather, analyse and publish drone safety information, and must act on safety issues they identify.

Article 19 sets out how drone safety occurrences are reported and handled: operators report occurrences, and authorities share, analyse and act on that information.

If something safety related goes wrong with your drone operation, you must report it to your national aviation authority under the EU occurrence reporting rules.

A UAS operator intending to conduct a specific category operation under an existing operational authorisation in a Member State other than their Member State of registration must submit an application to the competent authority of the Member State of intended operation.

A UAS operator intending to conduct a cross-border operation in the specific category based on a declaration must provide the competent authority of the Member State of intended operation with a copy of the declaration and its confirmation of receipt and completeness.

If you fly under a declared standard scenario, you must confirm that appropriate insurance cover is in place for every flight, where insurance is required by EU or national law.

When you apply for an operational authorisation in the Specific category, you must confirm that appropriate insurance cover will be in place when operations start, where insurance is required.

Aircraft operators, including drone operators inside the scope of the EU insurance regulation, must hold third-party liability insurance of at least 0.75 million SDR per accident when the aircraft weighs under 500 kg.

If your drone weighs 20 kg or more, you must have insurance that complies with the European aviation insurance regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

If you fly in the 'specific' category, you must have third-party liability insurance that complies with European aviation insurance regulations.

Every model aircraft owner or pilot must have third-party liability insurance to cover bodily injury and property damage, which can be obtained individually or through their club's collective insurance policy.

If your drone weighs 20 kg or more, you must have insurance that complies with the European aviation insurance regulation (EC No 785/2004).

Model aircraft clubs must have third-party liability insurance to cover any bodily injury or property damage caused to others.

You must have third-party liability insurance to fly in the Open category, unless you are flying purely for private/recreational purposes with a drone weighing less than 900 grams.

As a model aircraft owner or pilot, you must have civil liability insurance (either your own or through your club's group policy) to cover any damage or injury caused to third parties.

You must have valid drone insurance before you register as an operator, because you need to enter your insurance policy number during the registration process.

You must have third-party liability insurance to fly in the Open category, unless your drone weighs less than 900g and you only fly it for private/recreational purposes.

Every model aircraft club must have third-party liability insurance to cover bodily injury and property damage to third parties.

If your drone weighs 20 kg or more, your insurance policy must comply with the specific requirements of European Regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

As a model aircraft pilot or owner, you must have third-party liability insurance. This can be your own policy or a collective policy provided by your model flying club.

If your drone weighs 20 kg or more, your third-party liability insurance must comply with the specific requirements of European Regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

If you fly a drone in the Open category in Belgium, you must have third-party liability insurance to cover any damage or injury you might cause.

If you fly in the Specific category, you must have drone liability insurance that complies with European Regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

You must get drone insurance before registering as an operator, because you will need to enter your insurance number during the registration process.

If your drone weighs 20 kg or more, you must have a specific type of aviation insurance that complies with European Regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

When you register as a UAS operator you must supply your insurance policy number if Union or national law requires you to be insured.

The EU aviation insurance regulation does not cover model aircraft weighing less than 20 kg, so any insurance duty for those aircraft comes from national law instead.

If you own or fly a model aircraft, you must have third-party liability insurance (either your own or through your model club's collective policy) to cover any damage or injury to others.

If you fly in the Open category in Belgium, you must have third-party liability insurance. The only exception is if you fly purely for private/recreational purposes with a drone weighing less than 900g.

If you operate a drone in the 'specific' category, you must have third-party liability insurance that complies with European Regulation (EC) No 785/2004.

If you fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) in a military TRA or TSA UAS zone, you must use U-space services.

If you fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) in a military domain UAS zone, you must use U-space services.

If you fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) in a military TRA or TSA zone, you are required to use U-space services.

If you fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) in a military domain zone, you must use U-space services.

Using a crash-protected container is an approved way to secure dangerous goods, but its effectiveness must be proven for your specific flight conditions (speed, altitude, weather, and location).

Model aircraft clubs and airfield operators must allow Belgian CAA (DGLV) inspectors free access to their fields and facilities for audits.

During temporary model aircraft meetings, the distance between the flight demonstration line and the public must be at least 30 meters, unless the public is protected by a net at least 1.90 meters high that can withstand an impact.

Model aircraft clubs and airfield operators must allow Belgian CAA (DGTA) inspectors free access to their fields and facilities for audits or inspections.

The risk assessment for your flight must cover the specific hazards of the dangerous goods, the container, the competence of the handlers, and the flight area.

When preparing a risk assessment for a specific category operation, you must ensure it covers the operational characteristics, safety objectives, ground/air risks, mitigations, and the robustness of those mitigations.

Your operational description must detail what you are doing, where you are flying (including airspace and population density), how complex the flight is, the technical specs of your drone, and your own qualifications.

The safety level of your planned drone operation must be designed to be as safe as traditional manned aircraft flights.

When setting up your flight procedures, you should base them on what the drone manufacturer recommends, if those recommendations exist.

If your organization is required to maintain an Operations Manual, the operational procedures must be written directly into that manual.

If you operate as a single-person organisation, you must still meet all the applicable criteria in this Annex to claim ground risk mitigations.

If the aviation authority decides after reviewing the operational risk assessment that your specific category operation is too risky to fly without a certified drone, the UAS must be certified.

When applying for an authorization, you must write and understand your own ConOps. You cannot simply copy a template without taking responsibility for the safety case.

You must have clear procedures on how to report accidents (like hitting another aircraft, damaging property, or injuring someone) and how flight logs and data are stored and shared with authorities.

Your ConOps must describe how the flight is normally conducted within its limits, and provide clear step-by-step procedures for normal, contingency, and emergency situations.

To make the flight safe, you must consider mitigations like restricting where and when you fly, using emergency systems (like impact reduction), ensuring high pilot competency, and having clear procedures.

You must ensure that the safety measures you put in place are strong and reliable enough to handle the actual risks of your flight at every stage.

If your flight plan goes outside the boundaries of a PDRA, you cannot use that PDRA. You must perform a full risk assessment, unless your authority explicitly approves minor changes.

To fly dangerous goods in the specific category, the operator must show that an accident will not result in harm to people or the environment.

This Acceptable Means of Compliance outlines how a UAS operator should develop operational procedures, basing them on manufacturer recommendations and integrating them into the Operations Manual when required.

Model aircraft under 1 kg used in demonstrations must have a maximum speed of less than 90 km/h and must be electrically powered.

To fly in the VLL 0 zone under the Specific or Certified category, you must have authorizations from SPACC and the zone manager, notify your flight times, use remote ID, geovigilance, and geo-caging, and have a radio-licensed airspace observer in constant contact with air traffic control.

If flying in the Specific category within a VLL 1 zone, your drone must have a geo-caging system, and you must have an airspace observer with you who can communicate with air traffic control via a registered mobile phone.

If you make a non-editorial change that affects your operational authorisation or the documents used to get it, this is considered a significant change.

If you plan to fly in a restricted geographical zone that requires permission, you must submit a request and get approval through the DAA-planner before taking off.

If you stop operating a model airfield, you must immediately inform the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGLV) in writing.

If you fly as part of a model aircraft club or association, you are only allowed to fly on permanent or temporary flying sites authorized by the Belgian aviation authority (DGTA).

Organizing a model aviation show on a temporary airfield requires prior approval from the DGLV.

If any details from your initial model airfield application change, you must notify the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGLV) within 30 days.

If new obstacles restrict your model airfield's flight zone, you must mark them on a 1:10,000 NGI topographical map and submit it with your renewal application.

If you are registered as a drone operator in another EU country and want to fly in Belgium, you must pay 250 EUR per request to get the required confirmation.

If any information in your model airfield permit application changes, you must notify the Belgian CAA (DGTA) within 30 days.

If you intentionally or carelessly violate drone safety rules, the authorities can ban you from flying for up to 2 years and suspend or revoke your pilot certificate.

For educational or promotional events using model aircraft under 1 kg outside a designated airfield, you must get prior authorization if you are inside an airport control zone (CTR), or notify the DGLV in advance if you are outside a CTR.

You must apply to renew your model airfield operating permit at least two months before it expires, otherwise it will terminate on its expiration date.

Applying for a Light UAS Operator Certificate (LUC) in Belgium costs a fee of 1,500 EUR.

You must apply for the renewal of your model airfield operating authorization at least two months before its expiration date.

You must submit a renewal request for your model airfield permit at least two months before it is set to expire.

When renewing your model airfield permit, you must declare any new obstacles that have appeared around the airfield since your last application.

Obtaining an operational authorization for the specific category in Belgium costs a fee of 500 EUR.

If any details in your model airfield permit application change, you must notify the Belgian CAA (DGTA) within 30 days.

If a drone operator intentionally or carelessly violates the rules of the Open category, the authorities can ban them from operating drones for up to 2 years.

If you stop operating an aeromodelling flying field, you must immediately notify the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGTA) in writing.

Submitting an operational declaration to fly under a standard scenario in the Specific category costs €150 per year, which covers the declaration and ongoing oversight.

If you permanently stop operating a model aircraft airfield, you must immediately notify the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGTA) in writing.

When applying for a permit, you must upload your supporting documents (like risk assessments and insurance). Because the Drone Portal only allows up to three uploads, you must email any additional documents to the DGTA.

You must obtain prior authorization from the DGLV to fly a model aircraft that weighs 150 kg or more, or is powered by a liquid gas turbine, pulsejet, or rocket engine.

Applying for an operational authorization in the Specific category costs a fee of €500.

If your flight cannot comply with the Open category rules (such as altitude, distance from people, or drone class limits), you must obtain an operational authorisation before flying.

Submitting a declaration to fly under a standard scenario (STS) in the Specific category costs €150 per year, which covers processing and oversight.

You must apply to renew your model airfield operating permit at least two months before it expires, otherwise it will lapse on the expiration date.

If you want to organize a model aviation show on a permanent model airfield, you must notify the DGLV in advance.

You must obtain prior authorization from the DGTA to fly any drone weighing 150 kg or more, or any drone powered by a liquid gas turbine, pulsejet, or rocket engine.

If any details in your model airfield permit application change, you must notify the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGLV) within 30 days.

If you are flying in the specific category, your organization must have an operational authorization from the national aviation authority before you can fly, unless the flight is covered by a standard scenario declaration or your organization has an LUC.

Changes to key personnel, operations affecting risk assessments, or non-editorial changes to policies or the operations manual are considered significant changes.

This guidance material explains how to conduct operational risk assessments under Article 11, introducing the SORA methodology, standard scenarios (STSs) for declarations, and predefined risk assessments (PDRAs) for simplified authorisations.

Article 5 establishes the regulatory framework for the 'Specific' category of UAS operations, detailing when an operational authorisation is required, the risk assessment process, and exemptions such as standard scenario declarations, Light UAS Operator Certificates (LUC), and authorized model aircraft clubs.

This Annex provides guidance to UAS operators on collecting and presenting evidence and data for operational authorization applications in the 'specific' category using the SORA process, outlining the general workflow, document structure, and evidence submission requirements.

You do not always have to submit all your SORA compliance evidence to the authority. Low-risk (low robustness) evidence and medium-risk evidence using standard EASA guidelines can be kept on file, but high-risk evidence must be submitted with your application.

Once you finish your initial SORA risk assessment (Phase 1), it is recommended to contact your national aviation authority to check if they agree with your risk level before you write the full operations manual.

If your drone is a custom build or modification used strictly for scientific or research purposes and produced in very small numbers, you do not need standard certification, but you must obtain a permit to fly.

Use the compliance matrix template to cross-reference your procedures and evidence with the SORA requirements before submitting your application.

If your drone is not certified but you are flying in the specific category, it must have the technical features required by your operational authorization or LUC.

Any major changes to how you plan to operate (as described in your ConOps) must be assessed and potentially approved by your national aviation authority before you fly.

This section defines the integrity and assurance levels for strategic mitigations (M1) used to reduce the intrinsic ground risk class (GRC) under SORA, including generic criteria for ground risk buffers and population evaluation, as well as specific criteria for tethered operations.

The authority will only grant the flight permission if they are satisfied that your safety mitigations are sufficient.

To get an operational authorisation, a risk assessment (such as SORA) must be completed and submitted showing how risks will be mitigated.

Your authorisation will clearly state whether it is for a single flight, a specific set of flights in a certain area/timeframe, or if it is part of an LUC.

If your operation fits a standard scenario (STS), you can submit a declaration instead of applying for a full operational authorisation.

If your organization holds an LUC with the right privileges, you don't need to apply for a separate authorisation or submit a declaration for the flight.

If you are flying within an authorized model aircraft club or association, you do not need a standard specific category authorisation or declaration.

This section defines what constitutes a significant change to an operational authorisation, providing a general criterion and specific examples of changes to operations, management, risk assessments, policies, and operations manuals that should be considered significant.

This section establishes the mandatory rules and criteria for conducting an operational risk assessment (SORA) for UAS operations, detailing the required elements of the operational description, risk identification, safety targets, mitigation measures, and robustness assessments.

Even if your operation does not meet the standard criteria for the 'certified' category, the authority can still classify it as 'certified' if a risk assessment shows that certification and licensing are necessary to fly safely.

When flying in the 'specific' category, you must operate within the limits of your operational authorisation, club/association authorisation, or declared standard scenario, unless your organisation holds an LUC that permits otherwise.

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.050, the UAS operator shall: (1) develop an operations manual including the elements defined in Appendix 5; (2) define the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operations, including the controlled ground area covering the projections on the surface of the earth within both the volume and the buffer; (3) ensure the adequacy of the contingency and emergency procedures through any of the following: (a) dedicated flight tests; (b) simulations, provided that the representativeness of the simulation means is appropriate for the intended purpose; (4) develop an effective emergency response plan (ERP) suitable for the operation that includes at least: (a) the plan to limit any escalating effects of the emergency situation; (b) the conditions to alert the relevant authorities and organisations; (c) the criteria to identify an emergency situation; (d) clear delineation of the duties of the remote pilot(s) and any other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation; (5) ensure that the level of performance for any externally provided service necessary for the safety of the flight is adequate for the intended operation; (6) define the allocation of the roles and responsibilities between the operator and the external service provider(s), if applicable; (7) upload updated information into the geo-awareness, if the function is installed on the UAS, when required by the UAS geographical zone for the intended location of operation; (8) ensure that, before starting the operation, the controlled ground area is in place, effective and compliant with the minimum distance defined in point UAS.STS-01.020(1)(C)(i)(C) and, when required, coordination with the appropriate authorities has been conducted; (9) ensure that, before starting the operation, all persons present in the controlled ground area: (a) have been informed of the risks of the operation; (b) have been briefed or trained, as appropriate, on the safety precautions and measures established by the UAS operator for their protection; and (c) have explicitly agreed to participate in the operation; (10) ensure that: (a) the UAS is accompanied by the corresponding EU declaration(s) of conformity, including the reference to class C5 or reference to class C3 and to the accessories kit; and (b) the class C5 identification label is affixed to the unmanned aircraft or to the accessories kit. <

UAS operations in STS-02 shall be conducted: (1) in accordance with the operations manual referred to in point (1) of point UAS.STS-02.030; (2) over a controlled ground area entirely located in a sparsely populated environment including: (a) the flight geography area, (b) the contingency, which its external limit(s) shall be located at least 10 m beyond the limit(s) of the flight geography area, (c) a ground risk buffer covering a distance that is at least equal to the distance most likely to be travelled by the UA after activation of the means to terminate the flight specified by the UAS manufacturer in manufacturer's instructions, considering the operational conditions within the limitations specified by the UAS manufacturer; (3) in an area where the minimum flight visibility is more than 5 km; (4) with the unmanned aircraft in sight of the remote pilot during the launch and recovery of the unmanned aircraft, unless the latter is the result of an emergency flight termination; (5) if no airspace observer is used in the operation, with the unmanned aircraft flying no further than 1 km from the remote pilot, with the unmanned aircraft following a pre-programmed trajectory when the unmanned aircraft is not in VLOS of the remote pilot; (6) if one or more airspace observers are used in the operation, it shall comply with all of the following conditions: (a) the airspace observer(s) are positioned in a manner allowing for an adequate coverage of the operational volume and the surrounding airspace with the minimum flight visibility indicated in point (3); (b) the unmanned aircraft is operated no further than 2 km from the remote pilot; (c) the unmanned aircraft is operated no further than 1 km from the airspace observer who is nearest to the unmanned aircraft; (d) the distance between any airspace observer and the remote pilot is not more than 1 km; (e) robust and effective communication means are available for the communication between the remote pilot and the airspace observer(s); (7) by a remote pilot who holds: (a) a certificate of remote pilot theoretical knowledge for operations in standard scenarios, issued by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State; (b) an accreditation of completion of the STS-02 practical skill training, in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter and issued by: (A) an entity that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3 and is recognised by the competent authority of a Member State; or (B) by an UAS operator that has declared to the competent authority of the Member State of registration, compliance with STS-02 and that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3; (8) with an unmanned aircraft which complies with all of the following conditions: (a) is marked as class C6 and complies with the requirements of that class, as defined in Part 17 of the Annex to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945; (b) is operated with an active system to prevent the unmanned aircraft from breaching the flight geography; (c) is operated with active and updated direct remote identification system. (9) The remote pilot shall obtain the certificate of theoretical knowledge for operations in the standard scenarios after: (a) having completed an online training course and passed the online theoretical knowledge examination as referred to in point (4)(b) of point UAS.OPEN.020; and (b) having passed an additional theoretical knowledge examination provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter. (10) This certificate shall be valid for five years. The revalidation, within its validity period is subject to any of the following: (a) the demonstration of competencies in accordance with point (9); (b) the completion of a refresher training addressing the theoretical knowledge subjects as defined in point (9) provided by the competent author

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.060, the remote pilot shall: (1) before starting an UAS operation: (a) set the programmable flight volume of the unmanned aircraft to keep it within the flight geography; (b) verify that the means to terminate the flight and the programmable operational volume functionality of the unmanned aircraft are operational; and, check if the direct remote identification is active and up-to-date. (2) during flight: (a) unless supported by airspace observers, maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to avoid any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft. The remote pilot shall discontinue the flight if the operation poses a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property; (b) have the ability to maintain control of the unmanned aircraft, except in the case of a lost command and control (C2) link; (c) operate only one unmanned aircraft at a time; (d) not operate the unmanned aircraft from a moving vehicle; (e) shall not hand over the control of the unmanned aircraft to another CMU; (f) inform the airspace observer(s), when employed, in a timely manner of any deviations of the unmanned aircraft from the intended path, and the associated timing; (g) perform the contingency procedures defined by the UAS operator for abnormal situations, including when the remote pilot has indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the flight geography; (h) perform the emergency procedures defined by the UAS operator for emergency situations, including triggering the means to terminate the flight when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the operational volume. <

(1) During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall be maintained within 120 m from the closest point of the surface of the earth. The measurement of distances shall be adapted according to the geographical characteristics of the terrain, such as plains, hills, mountains. (2) When flying an unmanned aircraft within a horizontal distance of 50 m from an artificial obstacle taller than 105 m, the maximum height of the UAS operation may be increased up to 15 m above the height of the obstacle at the request of the entity responsible for the obstacle. (3) The maximum height of the operational volume shall not exceed 30 m above the maximum height allowed in points (1) and (2). (4) During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall not carry dangerous goods. <

(1) UAS operations in STS-01 shall meet all of the following conditions: (a) be conducted with the unmanned aircraft kept in VLOS at all times; (b) be conducted in accordance with the operations manual referred to in point (1) of point UAS.STS-01.030; (c) be conducted over a controlled ground area comprising: (i) for the operation of an untethered unmanned aircraft: (A) the flight geography area; (B) the contingency area, with its external limit(s) at least 10 m beyond the limit(s) of the flight geography area; and (C) the ground risk buffer, which shall cover a distance beyond the external limit(s) of the contingency area that meets at least the following parameters: Minimum distance to be covered by the ground risk buffer for untethered unmanned aircraft Maximum height above ground with an MTOM up to 10 kg with an MTOM above 10 kg 30 m 10 m 20 m 60 m 15 m 30 m 90 m 20 m 45 m 120 m 25 m 60 m (ii) for operation of a tethered unmanned aircraft, a radius equal to the tether length plus 5 m and centred on the point where the tether is fixed over the surface of the earth. (d) be conducted at a ground speed of less than 5 m/s in the case of untethered unmanned aircraft; (e) be conducted by a remote pilot who: (i) holds a certificate of remote pilot theoretical knowledge in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter for operations in the standard scenarios issued by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State; (ii) holds an accreditation of completion of the STS-01 practical skill training, in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter and issued by: (A) an entity that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3 and is recognised by the competent authority of a Member State; or (B) an UAS operator that has declared to the competent authority of the Member State of registration, compliance with STS-01 and that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3; and (f) be conducted with an unmanned aircraft which is marked as class C5 and complies with the requirements of that class, as defined in Part 16 of the Annex to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945, and is operated with active and updated direct remote identification system. (2) The remote pilot shall obtain the certificate of theoretical knowledge for operations in the standard scenarios after: (a) having completed an online training course and passed the online theoretical knowledge examination as referred to in point (4)(b) of point UAS.OPEN.020; and (b) having passed an additional theoretical knowledge examination provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter. (3) This certificate shall be valid for five years. The revalidation, within its validity period is subject to any of the following: (a) the demonstration of competencies in accordance with point (2); (b) the completion of a refresher training addressing the theoretical knowledge subjects as defined in point (2) provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority. (4) In order to revalidate the certificate upon its expiration, the remote pilot shall comply with point (2). <

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.060, the remote pilot: (1) before starting an UAS operation, shall verify that the means to terminate the flight of the unmanned aircraft are operational and check if the direct remote identification is active and uptodate; (2) during the flight: (a) shall keep the unmanned aircraft in VLOS and maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to avoid any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft. The remote pilot shall discontinue the flight if the operation poses a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property; (b) for the purposes of point (a), may be assisted by an unmanned aircraft observer. In such case, clear and effective communication shall be established between the remote pilot and the unmanned aircraft observer; (c) shall have the ability to maintain control of the unmanned aircraft, except in the case of a lost command and control (C2) link; (d) shall operate only one unmanned aircraft at a time; (e) shall not operate the unmanned aircraft from a moving vehicle; (f) shall not hand over the control of the unmanned aircraft to another CMU; (g) shall perform the contingency procedures defined by the UAS operator for abnormal situations, including when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the flight geography; and (h) shall perform the emergency procedures defined by the UAS operator for emergency situations, including triggering the means to terminate the flight when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the operational volume. <

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.050, the UAS operator shall: (1) develop an operations manual including the elements defined in Appendix 5; (2) define the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operations, including the controlled ground area covering the projections on the surface of the earth of both the volume and the buffer; (3) ensure the adequacy of the contingency and emergency procedures through any of the following: (a) dedicated flight tests; (b) simulations, provided that the representativeness of the simulation means is appropriate for the intended purpose; (4) develop an effective emergency response plan (ERP) suitable for the operation that includes at least: (a) the plan to limit the escalating effects of the emergency situation; (b) the conditions to alert the relevant authorities and organisations; (c) the criteria to identify an emergency situation; (d) clear delineation of the duties of the remote pilot(s) and any other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation; (5) ensure that the level of performance for any externally provided service necessary for the safety of the flight is adequate for the intended operation; (6) define the allocation of the roles and responsibilities between the operator and the external service provider(s), if applicable; (7) upload updated information into the geo-awareness, if the function is installed on the UAS, when required by the UAS geographical zone for the intended location of the operation; (8) ensure that, before starting the operation, all appropriate measures to reduce the risk of intrusion of uninvolved persons in the controlled ground area compliant with the minimum distance defined in point UAS.STS-02.020(2) have been taken and, when required, coordination with the appropriate authorities has been conducted; (9) ensure that, before starting the operation, all persons present in the controlled ground area: (a) have been informed of the risks of the operation; (b) have been briefed and, if applicable, trained on the safety precautions and measures established by the UAS operator for their protection; and (c) have explicitly agreed to participate in the operation; (10) before starting the operation, if airspace observers are used: (a) ensure the correct placement and number of airspace observers along the intended flight path; (b) verify: (i) that the visibility and the planned distance of the airspace observer are within acceptable limits as defined in the operations manual; (ii) the absence of potential terrain obstructions for each airspace observer; (iii) that there are no gaps between the zones covered by each of the airspace observers; (iv) that the communication with each airspace observer is established and effective; (v) that if means are used by the airspace observers to determine the position of the unmanned aircraft, those means are functioning and effective; (c) ensure that the airspace observers have been briefed on the intended path of the unmanned aircraft and the associated timing; (11) ensure that: (a) the UAS is accompanied by the corresponding EU declaration of conformity, including the reference to class C6; (b) the class C6 identification label is affixed to the unmanned aircraft. <

An airspace observer shall: (1) maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to identify any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft; (2) maintain awareness of the position of the unmanned aircraft through direct airspace observation or through assistance provided by electronic means; (3) alert the remote pilot when a hazard is detected and assist in avoiding or minimising the potential negative effects. <

(1) During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall be maintained within 120 m from the closest point of the surface of the earth. The measurement of distances shall be adapted accordingly to the geographical characteristics of the terrain, such as plains, hills, mountains. (2) When flying an unmanned aircraft within a horizontal distance of 50 m from an artificial obstacle taller than 105 metres, the maximum height of the UAS operation may be increased up to 15 m above the height of the obstacle at the request of the entity responsible for the obstacle. (3) The maximum height of the operational volume shall not exceed 30 m above the maximum height allowed in points (1) and (2). (4) During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall not carry dangerous goods. <

If you want to organize a model aircraft show, you must notify the DGLV beforehand if it is on a permanent airfield, or obtain prior authorization if it is on a temporary airfield.

When applying for a renewal, you must submit your application using the specific form and containing the information specified by the Director-General of the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority.

If you organize a model aircraft airshow on a permanent field, you must notify the authorities beforehand. If it is on a temporary field, you must get prior authorization from the DGTA.

Organizing a model aircraft airshow on a permanent model airfield requires prior notification, while organizing one on a temporary airfield requires prior authorization from the DGTA.

When organizing a temporary model aircraft airshow, you must clearly mark the flight line, keep the public at least 30 meters away (unless protected by a 1.90m high safety net), use fencing, have liability insurance, and hire security staff.

Applying for an operational authorization to fly in the Specific category costs a one-time fee of €500.

To fly in the Specific category, you must pay an annual fee of €150 for standard scenario declarations, or a fee of €500 for an operational authorization.

You must keep your drone within your direct eyesight at all times. The only exceptions are if you are using 'follow-me' mode or have a designated drone observer next to you helping you watch the airspace.

If you use the 'follow-me' automatic tracking mode, the drone must not fly further than 50 meters away from you.

You can fly using FPV goggles only if you have a spotter next to you who keeps visual contact with the drone and can warn you instantly of any hazards.

Do not fly your model aircraft in poor weather conditions where you cannot see well enough to avoid colliding with other aircraft.

You must not fly your model aircraft if the weather conditions prevent you from seeing and avoiding other aircraft.

You can fly using FPV goggles only if you have a spotter next to you who keeps continuous visual contact with the aircraft and can warn you of any danger.

You must keep your model aircraft in direct sight at all times, and it cannot be further than 400 meters away from you unless your permit says otherwise.

You must keep your model aircraft within direct line of sight at all times, and it cannot be further than 400 meters away from you unless specifically authorized.

You can use a drone observer to help you keep eyes on the drone, but you must have a clear and reliable way to talk to each other during the flight.

When planning your flight, remember that how far you can fly while maintaining VLOS depends on how big your drone is and what the environment is like (e.g., weather visibility, trees, or buildings).

The ConOps must clearly show where you will fly, including the safety buffers on the ground and in the air, whether you are flying over people, and how much the drone flies itself versus how much you manually control it.

You must always keep the drone close enough to clearly see it with your own eyes and accurately judge how far it is from any obstacles.

If you are flying in an open area with no obstacles and clear visibility all the way to the horizon, you can fly the drone as far out as you can still clearly see it.

If there are obstacles nearby, bring your drone closer so you can accurately judge its distance from them. Also, keep the drone low enough so it is 'shielded' by the obstacles, as manned aircraft usually fly higher than these obstacles.

You must keep your drone in sight at all times, watch the sky for manned aircraft to avoid collisions, and land or stop the flight immediately if it becomes unsafe for people, animals, other aircraft, or property.

You must keep your model aircraft in direct line of sight at all times, and it cannot fly further than 400 meters away from you horizontally.

You must keep your model aircraft in direct line of sight at all times, and it cannot be further than 400 meters away from you horizontally, unless your club's permit says otherwise.

Do not fly your model aircraft in poor weather conditions where you cannot see well enough to avoid collisions.

If your drone operations are highly complex (e.g., using many different types of drones and flight types), you can use a custom layout for your operations manual, but you should discuss this layout with your aviation authority first.

Model airfield operators must post their flight rules in a clearly visible spot at the airfield or publish them on their website.

Model airfields must display their flight rules clearly on-site or publish them on their website so pilots can easily read them.

If you need an operations manual for your Specific category flights, you must write it using the official template provided by the Belgian DGTA.

If you are flying for a company or organization that has its own flight procedures or manuals, you must follow them.

The manufacturer's documentation will include an official EASA notice explaining your basic legal obligations and limitations under EU drone regulations.

If you are both the operator and the remote pilot, you do not need written procedures and can rely on the manufacturer's instructions.

Aeromodelling club operators must write a set of flight rules covering safety, frequencies, and emergency procedures, and post them clearly at the flying field or on their website.

Model airfield operators must write a set of flight rules covering safety, frequencies, and emergency procedures, and post them clearly at the field or on their website.

If you operate under this national standard scenario, your flight manual must include a signed compliance statement, an organizational description, maintenance instructions, and detailed operational procedures.

Training schools must include a dedicated section in their operations manual detailing their training staff, their roles, and the procedures used for practical training and assessment.

When operating under this standard scenario, your operations manual must detail how to handle emergencies and unexpected events. This includes procedures for when the drone flies out of its designated area, when people wander into the flight zone, or when equipment fails.

This section establishes the responsibilities and obligations of the remote pilot before and during a UAS operation in the 'open' category, including competency requirements, pre-flight checks, fitness for duty, VLOS maintenance, and restrictions near emergency response areas.

You are not allowed to pilot the drone from a moving vehicle.

To fly a Class C1 drone (between 250g and 900g), you must complete an online training course and pass an online exam provided by the aviation authority. The exam has 40 multiple-choice questions, and you need to score at least 75% to pass.

This section establishes the acceptable format and issuance process for the proof of completion of online theoretical knowledge training and examination for remote pilots in subcategories A1 and A3, including the specific format of the remote pilot identification number and the use of a QR code for database verification.

Your proof of completion will have a QR code that authorities (like police or aviation inspectors) can scan to verify your training status in the national database.

To get your A2 certificate, you must: 1) Pass the A1/A3 online exam; 2) Practice flying on your own in an empty area (A3 conditions); 3) Declare you did this practice and pass a 30-question classroom exam on weather, drone performance, and ground risk with at least 75%.

To obtain your A2 Certificate of Competency, you must pass the online theory exam, complete and declare practical self-training, and pass an additional theory exam. The certificate may be issued electronically.

This section establishes the operational, organizational, and safety responsibilities of a UAS operator in the 'open' category, including pilot designation, competency verification, geo-awareness updates, and compliance with class-marking and consent requirements.

You must always carry and be ready to show your model club membership card or proof that you are flying under a club's framework.

In abnormal situations, the remote pilot must follow the contingency procedures set by the operator, even if the drone is likely to fly outside its designated flight geography.

You must be at least 14 years old to fly Category 1 model aircraft in Belgium.

To fly a Category 1 model aircraft, you must be at least 14 years old, unless you are flying under the direct supervision of an experienced licensed pilot.

This section establishes the minimum age of 16 for remote pilots operating in the 'open' and 'specific' categories, details specific exemptions where no minimum age is required, and outlines the conditions under which Member States may lower these age limits.

To fly a category 1 model aircraft in Belgium, you must be at least 14 years old.

You are strictly forbidden from flying a model aircraft while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or if you are otherwise unfit to fly.

In Belgium, you must be at least 14 years old to fly a drone in the Open A1 or A3 subcategories.

If you fly a Category 2 or 3 model aircraft, you must be at least 16 years old and hold a 'Brevet B' license. For Category 3, your club must also officially recognize your ability to fly it safely.

To fly Category 2 or 3 model aircraft, you must be at least 16 years old and hold a Brevet B license. For Category 3, your club must also formally recognize your ability to fly it safely.

In an emergency, the remote pilot must execute the operator's emergency procedures, which includes activating the flight termination system if the drone is about to fly out of the approved operational volume.

To fly Category 1 model aircraft, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

In Belgium, you must be at least 14 years old to fly a drone in the Open A1 or Open A3 subcategories.

If you are flying a category 2 or 3 model aircraft, you must be at least 16 years old and have a Brevet B license.

The remote pilot must not hand over control of the drone to another control station during flight.

To fly a category 1 model aircraft in Belgium, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

To fly a drone in the Open A1 subcategory in Belgium, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

Remote pilots flying category 1 model aircraft must be at least 14 years old.

To fly a drone in the Open A3 subcategory in Belgium, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

Do not fly your model aircraft if you are under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or are otherwise unfit to fly safely.

You must always carry your model aircraft club membership card or proof of club activity when flying.

Look around your flying area before takeoff to identify obstacles and people. If you are flying a very light drone (under 250g or C0) in subcategory A1, you do not need to perform the formal check for uninvolved persons, though safety remains paramount.

This guidance material explains the remote pilot's responsibility to maintain a thorough visual scan to avoid collisions with manned aircraft, outlining specific actions to take when encountering high-altitude or low-altitude aircraft.

You must complete the required training for your subcategory (A1, A2, or A3) and have your proof of competency with you while flying, unless you are flying a very light drone (like a C0 drone or a private build under 250g).

If a low-flying aircraft is nearby, immediately drop your drone's altitude to below 10 meters and stay at least 500 meters away from it. If you cannot keep this 500-meter distance, land your drone immediately.

This section establishes the comprehensive responsibilities of a UAS operator in the 'specific' category, covering operational procedures, pilot and crew requirements, record-keeping, maintenance, and equipment standards.

This Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) outlines how to determine and maintain safe Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) range, explaining that the maximum distance depends on the unmanned aircraft's size and environmental factors, and details how to adjust distance and altitude when obstacles are present.

Before and during your flight, look around the area to identify potential hazards like people, roads, buildings, power lines, or nearby airfields that could affect the safety of your flight.

Do not fly your drone if you have consumed alcohol or drugs, or if you are unfit to fly due to tiredness, illness, injury, or medication.

This section outlines the acceptable means of compliance for remote pilots regarding their responsibility to assess and familiarise themselves with the operating environment, weather conditions, and potential electromagnetic hazards before and during flight.

Check the current weather and the forecast for your entire flight window to ensure wind, rain, temperature, or visibility do not exceed the limits written in your drone's manual.

This guidance material defines the term 'other causes' regarding remote pilot fitness, specifying that it includes any physical or mental disorder or sensory limitation that prevents safe operation.

This section outlines the acceptable means of compliance for remote pilots regarding their responsibility to assess and familiarise themselves with the operating environment, weather conditions, and potential electromagnetic interference before and during flight.

This guidance material explains the responsibilities of remote pilots and operators during emergency response efforts, advising them to immediately discontinue operations or maintain a safe distance to avoid interfering with emergency services, hindering aerial support, or violating privacy.

This guidance material defines the term 'emergency response' in the context of the responsibilities of a remote pilot.

This guidance material defines the term 'other causes' regarding remote pilot fitness as any physical or mental disorder, or sensory organ limitation, that prevents safe operation.

If feasible, walk around your planned flying area before taking off to get a clear, ground-level view of any obstacles or hazards.

Before taking off, perform a pre-flight check to ensure your drone is safe to fly and that its direct remote identification system (if it has one) is active and updated.

You must always be in control of your drone, unless you experience a lost connection (lost link) or are flying a free-flight model drone.

If you add a camera, sensor, or other payload to your drone, you must check that the total weight does not exceed the manufacturer's maximum take-off mass (MTOM) or the weight limit of the drone's class.

When preparing for a flight, you can expect Member States to publish information regarding airspace structures, limitations, and no-fly zones in accordance with Article 15 to help you comply with your responsibility to obtain updated restriction information.

You must fly the drone according to the user manual and guidelines provided by the manufacturer, including any wind, temperature, or battery limits.

Under EASA guidance, 'other causes' that prevent you from flying safely include any physical or mental disorders, as well as any limitations in your senses (such as vision or hearing impairment).

Be aware of the lighting conditions (e.g., glare or darkness) and look out for high-power antennas, power lines, or industrial equipment that could interfere with your drone's signals or compass.

This guidance material clarifies that Member States are responsible for providing information on airspace structure and limitations, including limited or no-UA zones, in accordance with Article 15 of the UAS Regulation.

Be aware of the lighting conditions and look out for things like power lines, radio towers, or other sources of electromagnetic energy that could interfere with your drone's signals or damage its equipment.

'Other causes' that unfit you for flight include any physical or mental illness, or any sensory limitation (such as impaired vision or hearing) that would prevent you from flying your drone safely.

An 'emergency response' is any action you take during an unexpected and dangerous event to try to reduce its impact on people, property, or the environment.

An 'emergency response' is any action you take in response to an unexpected and dangerous event to try to limit its impact on people, property, or the environment.

This guidance material defines the term 'other causes' in the context of remote pilot fitness, clarifying that it encompasses physical or mental disorders or sensory limitations that prevent safe operation.

This guidance material defines the term 'emergency response' in the context of remote pilot responsibilities.

This section establishes the acceptable means of compliance for issuing the remote pilot certificate of competency in subcategory A2, including the prerequisite verifications, electronic format option, and the specific format for the remote pilot identification number.

Your certificate will feature a QR code. Authorized personnel (like police or aviation authorities) can scan this QR code or use your pilot ID to verify your training records in the national database.

This section outlines the acceptable syllabus and theoretical knowledge subjects that should be covered in basic online training courses and examinations for remote pilots operating in subcategories A1 and A3.

Defines the operational conditions for UAS operations in subcategory A2, including distance limits from uninvolved persons, remote pilot competency requirements, and aircraft class C2 specifications.

Before flying in subcategory A1, you must read and understand the user manual and instructions provided by your drone's manufacturer.

When you pass your online training and exam, the authority (or an authorized entity) will issue you a proof of completion, which can be electronic.

To fly in subcategory A2, you must read and understand your drone's manual and hold a valid A2 Certificate of Remote Pilot Competency.

This guidance material clarifies that the remote pilot is ultimately responsible for determining the safe distance from uninvolved persons during subcategory A2 operations, taking into account UAS characteristics, weather, and area segregation.

When flying in subcategory A2, you must personally determine what a safe distance from uninvolved people is, taking into account your drone's performance, the current weather, and how well the area is segregated.

You can take your A2 or STS theoretical exam either in person at an approved facility or online with remote proctoring.

This section defines the operational conditions, pilot competency requirements, and aircraft eligibility criteria for conducting UAS operations in subcategory A3 of the Open category.

This section establishes the acceptable means of compliance for the practical-skills self-training required for UAS operations in subcategory A2, detailing the training objectives, equipment specifications, control schemes, and required flight exercises.

This section details the acceptable means of compliance for the additional theoretical knowledge examination required for UAS operations in subcategory A2, specifying the competencies to be demonstrated and the subjects to be covered.

Your self-training must include practicing take-offs, landings, precision flying within a set area, and hovering or loitering. You must also practice emergency procedures (like return-to-home) from the manual, but only if practicing them doesn't require turning off safety features.

The A2 exam covers meteorology (wind, temperature, visibility, forecasts), flight performance (envelopes, mass and balance, payloads, batteries), and ground risk mitigations (low-speed mode, distance from people, and the 1:1 rule).

To pass the A2 theoretical exam, you need to show you understand the risks of flying near people, how to assess ground risk, how to plan flights and contingencies, and how weather affects your drone.

If you take the exam online, the system will verify your identity and monitor your computer traffic, screen, video, and room audio to ensure you do not use unauthorized materials or assistance.

This section establishes the acceptable means of compliance for conducting theoretical knowledge examinations for the subcategory A2 remote pilot competency certificate and STS theoretical knowledge, allowing either face-to-face or online-proctored formats under specific security conditions.

To fly in subcategory A3, you must read and understand your drone's user manual, complete the official online training course, and pass the online theoretical exam.

You must be formally designated as the remote pilot for the flight before operating the UAS.

You must read and be familiar with the manufacturer's instructions for the drone you are flying.

You are responsible for scanning the sky and avoiding collisions because pilots of manned aircraft likely cannot see your drone due to its small size.

If you see any other aircraft, parachute, or airspace user, immediately move your drone to a safe distance. If your drone is flying towards them, land immediately.

This section outlines the acceptable means of compliance for UAS operators regarding operational procedures, clarifying that written procedures are not required for single-pilot operators but are expected for operators employing multiple remote pilots.

If you see an airplane flying very high (at 1 km or higher), you can safely continue flying your drone as long as you stay below your 120-meter limit.

You must be at least 16 years old to fly a drone in the Open or Specific category, unless you qualify for one of the specific exemptions (such as flying a toy, a very light home-built drone, or flying under direct supervision).

This section establishes the comprehensive responsibilities of the remote pilot before and during flight in the Open category, covering competency, pre-flight checks, operational safety, and emergency restrictions.

This guidance material clarifies the responsibilities of the UAS operator under UAS.OPEN.050(3), specifying that a remote pilot must be identified for each flight and prohibiting the handover of control to another command unit during flight in the 'open' category.

A remote pilot must be designated by the operator for your flight.

If you fly as part of an authorized model aircraft club or association, the minimum age limit might be different, as set by your country's national authority in the club's authorization.

If you build your own drone and its maximum take-off weight is less than 250 grams, there is no minimum age limit to fly it.

You do not need to meet any minimum age requirement to fly a Class C0 drone in subcategory A1, provided the drone is officially classified as a toy.

If you are under 16, you can still fly a drone if you are directly supervised by a pilot who is at least 16 years old and holds the required qualifications.

Depending on the EU country you are flying in, the local government might have lowered the minimum age (down to 12 for the Open category, or 14 for the Specific category).

If you are flying at an age younger than 16 because a specific country lowered its age limit, you can only fly in that country. You cannot use that lower age limit to fly in other EU countries.

To comply with the training requirements for subcategories A1 and A3, your online training and examination should cover air safety, airspace restrictions, aviation regulations, human performance limitations, operational procedures, general drone knowledge, privacy, insurance, and security.

To fly a category 1 model aircraft in Belgium, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

To fly a category 1 model aircraft in Belgium, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

To fly a category 1 model aircraft, the remote pilot must be at least 14 years old.

You must be at least 14 years old to operate a category 1 model aircraft.

This section establishes the obligations of manufacturers when placing UAS or remote identification add-ons on the Union market, including conformity assessments, CE marking, documentation retention, product labeling, and corrective actions.

The drone packaging must include an official EASA notice explaining your legal obligations and limitations.

This section outlines the product requirements for Class C2 unmanned aircraft systems, including low-battery warning systems, lighting for controllability and night conspicuity, comprehensive user manual specifications, and the inclusion of an EASA information notice.

Your drone must come with a manual that explains its characteristics (like mass, payload limits, and sound power), operational instructions, maintenance, troubleshooting, and safety risks.

This section outlines the mandatory information, technical characteristics, operational and maintenance instructions, and regulatory notices that must be included in the manufacturer's instructions for the UAS.

When flying a Class C1 drone, you must plan your flight to avoid flying over any uninvolved people. If someone unexpectedly walks under your drone, you must fly away or land as quickly and safely as possible to minimize the overflight time. You must never fly over assemblies of people (crowds).

If you build your own drone and want to fly it in subcategory A1, it must weigh less than 250 grams (including battery and cameras) and its maximum speed must be less than 19 meters per second (approx. 68 km/h).

Do not modify your C0, C1, C2, or C3 drone in any way that violates its product standards unless the manufacturer's manual explicitly allows and describes that modification.

You must use a drone with a Class C2 label, and you must ensure its remote ID and geo-awareness (map/geofencing) systems are turned on and updated before flying.

In subcategory A3, you can only fly a drone that is either: privately built (weighing under 25 kg), a legacy drone meeting Article 20(b) rules, or officially class-marked as C2, C3, or C4. If flying a C2 or C3 drone, you must ensure its direct remote identification and geo-awareness systems are active and updated.

You are permitted to operate a Class C0 drone within subcategory A3 operational boundaries.

A drone carrying a C0 class label (under 250 g) can be flown in subcategory A1.

This section establishes the requirements for classifying UAS operations in the 'open' category, including aircraft eligibility, weight limits, visual line of sight, maximum altitude, and prohibitions on dangerous goods and dropping materials.

This section establishes the classification requirements for UAS operations in the 'open' category, defining limits on aircraft class, maximum take-off mass, operational distance from people, visual line of sight, maximum altitude, and cargo restrictions, as well as dividing the category into three sub-categories.

The total weight of your drone, including the battery and any cameras or accessories you attach, must be less than 250 grams.

If you use the follow-me function, the drone must stay within 50 meters of you, and you must always be able to take back manual control of the aircraft.

Your drone or controller must warn you when the battery is low so you have enough time to land safely.

This section establishes the technical requirements for Class C4 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), including weight limits, control restrictions, manual contents, and labeling.

This section defines product requirements for Class C1 unmanned aircraft systems, specifically limiting the range of follow-me mode to 50 meters, requiring a comprehensive user's manual, and mandating the inclusion of an EASA information notice.

When operating the UAS, you must have access to the manufacturer's instructions containing these technical details, operational limits, and procedures.

The drone packaging must include an official EASA information notice explaining your legal obligations and limitations under EU law.

The drone must be safely controllable by you following the manufacturer's instructions, even if one or more systems fail.

The drone must be designed to fly safely and predictably, even if a system fails, as long as you follow the manual.

Unless your C1 drone is a fixed-wing airplane, it must comply with strict noise limits.

The drone packaging must include an official EASA information sheet explaining your basic legal responsibilities as a pilot.

Ensure your drone has the official C2 class label affixed to the aircraft before operating.

Your Class C3 drone packaging must include an official information notice from EASA explaining your legal obligations and limitations under EU drone regulations.

This section specifies the mandatory information that must be included in the manufacturer's instructions for the UAS, as well as the requirement to include an official EASA information notice regarding EU law limitations and obligations.

The drone is equipped with lights to help you see and control its orientation and flight path.

Ensure your C4 drone has the official C4 label visibly affixed to the aircraft.

Your C4 drone cannot have automatic flight modes (like autonomous waypoints), except for basic flight stabilization and a pre-set control position for lost link safety.

You can only fly in the Open category if your drone has an official class marking (C0-C6) under EU rules, is privately built, or meets the transitional requirements of Article 20.

Drones and products subject to these regulations must conform to the technical design and class requirements specified in the Annex.

If your drone is not classified as a toy, it must meet European machinery safety standards for risks not directly related to the flight itself (such as physical hazards on the ground).

When updating your drone's software, the update must not disable or alter features in a way that violates the drone's original certification or class requirements.

This section defines the technical, design, and documentation requirements for a Class C0 Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), including weight, speed, height, and electrical limits, as well as exemptions for toys.

This article establishes the core compliance requirements for UAS products, including conformity with specific parts of the Annex, the applicability of the Machinery Directive for non-flight safety risks of non-toy UAS, and the restriction that software updates must not compromise product compliance.

Your drone must have a visible Class C0 label on its body.

If the Class C0 drone is officially classified as a toy, it does not have to meet the strict industrial design, stability, and electrical standards required for non-toy drones.

The drone is designed to be safe, with rounded edges and features that reduce the risk of cuts or injuries if it accidentally hits someone.

The total weight of your C4 drone, including payload, must be less than 25 kg.

The drone's maximum speed when flying straight and level must not exceed 19 meters per second (approx. 68 km/h or 42.5 mph).

The drone is designed with a built-in limit that prevents it from flying higher than 120 meters (approx. 400 feet) above the spot where you took off.

If you use the 'follow-me' feature, the drone must stay within 50 meters (approx. 164 feet) of you, and you must always be able to take back manual control instantly.

The drone must have lights to help you control it and to make it visible at night, allowing people on the ground to tell it apart from manned airplanes.

Your drone must come with a manual that explains how to fly it safely, its technical limits (like weather restrictions), and the risks of operating it.

Unless it is a fixed-wing drone, your C1 drone or its packaging must display a label showing its guaranteed sound level.

This section establishes the technical, design, and performance requirements for a class C1 Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), including weight, speed, height limits, remote identification, and geo-awareness.

When flying at night, the drone's lights must make it visible and clearly distinguishable from manned aircraft to anyone on the ground.

Your drone must come with a manual covering its characteristics, operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, limitations, and risks. You should read and follow it.

The drone must come with a manual that explains its characteristics, how to operate and maintain it, how to upload airspace limits, and the risks involved.

The drone packaging must include an official EASA information notice explaining your legal obligations and limitations.

This section outlines the product requirements for Class C1 Unmanned Aircraft Systems, specifically detailing requirements for low battery warnings, controllability and night conspicuity lighting, user manual contents, and the inclusion of an EASA information notice.

Your drone comes with a user manual containing essential information on its characteristics, how to operate and maintain it, and safety risks.

The manufacturer's manual for your Class C3 drone must contain specific details, including its characteristics (like MTOM and data link loss behavior), clear operating and maintenance instructions, troubleshooting, and operational limitations.

Do not fly a Class C2 drone if its total weight, including any cameras, sensors, or payloads, is 4 kg or more.

Check that your drone (if not fixed-wing) has a visible noise level label affixed to the body or packaging.

When flying close to people (e.g., in subcategory A2), you must be able to select a low-speed mode that limits your speed to 3 m/s or less.

Your drone must comply with legal noise limits. Do not modify the propulsion system in a way that increases noise levels.

This Acceptable Means of Compliance outlines the responsibilities of UAS operators regarding modifications, maintenance, and payload additions for UAS with class identification labels (C0 to C4), specifying when modifications invalidate class conformity and how class C4 UAS are uniquely treated.

You can replace parts on your drone for maintenance without it being considered an unauthorized modification, as long as you use original parts or parts approved in the manufacturer's instructions.

You can attach payloads (like cameras or accessories) to your drone without losing its class rating, provided the manufacturer allows it and the payload fits their specified guidelines.

If you use unapproved payloads or perform maintenance contrary to the manual, your drone loses its class rating. You must remove the class label and can then only fly it under 'specific' category rules.

Unlike other classes, you are allowed to modify a Class C4 drone. If you do, it is treated as a 'privately built' drone and you can still fly it in subcategory A3.

Modifying your drone in a way that changes its weight or performance beyond the manufacturer's specifications or manual instructions will breach its CE class mark compliance.

This guidance material clarifies what constitutes a modification that breaches CE class marking compliance, confirming that identical part replacements are permitted and that the user manual should guide maintenance.

Refer to the drone's user manual for instructions on how to perform maintenance and make changes without voiding the CE marking.

You can replace parts (like propellers) with identical ones of the same design and characteristics without breaching the drone's CE marking.

This guidance material clarifies that UAS operations in subcategory A3 may be conducted using Class C0 or Class C1 unmanned aircraft, as the safety envelope of subcategory A3 encompasses that of subcategory A1.

You can fly a Class C1 drone in subcategory A3, but it must have an active, updated direct remote identification system and a functioning geo-awareness system.

Check that the drone has its official class label (e.g., C0-C4) affixed and that the EU declaration of conformity is available.

If you are flying a Class C1 drone, you must ensure that its remote ID broadcast system and geo-awareness (airspace boundary warning) systems are turned on, active, and fully updated before you take off.

Drones without a C-class label that were placed on the market before 2024 can still be flown in A1 if they weigh less than 250 g including everything on board.

In subcategory A1, operations with an unmanned aircraft referred to in points (5)(a), (5)(b) and (5)(c) of UAS.OPEN.020 may overfly uninvolved persons, but shall never overfly assemblies of people.

Model aircraft clubs and associations must provide theoretical and practical training to their members following the guidelines in Annex 2.

Ensure any propeller guards or safety features designed to prevent injury are properly installed and undamaged.

If flying a tethered C2 drone, ensure the tether is shorter than 50 meters and meets the strength requirements for your aircraft type.

If you want an A1/A3 drone pilot certificate issued by the Belgian authority, you must complete the exam online through the official Drone Portal.

Key staff of designated drone training schools must be available to assist inspectors during DGLV audits.

Model aircraft clubs and associations in Belgium must provide their members with theoretical and practical training that complies with the standards in Annex 2.

If you want to perform model aircraft demonstration flights in front of a public, you must hold a 'Brevet B' and a specific demonstration qualification.

Key staff and instructors of a designated drone training school must be available to assist during Belgian CAA inspections.

When registering for the A2 drone pilot theory exam, you must submit proof of your online training and a signed declaration that you completed your practical self-training.

If you are caught cheating during a drone exam, you can be banned from taking any other drone exam for up to 12 months.

A training school's official designation to train and assess remote pilots for specific category operations (STS) is valid for one year and can be renewed annually.

If the Belgian CAA finds any issues during an inspection, the training school must fix them according to the CAA's instructions.

To fly in the A1 or A3 subcategories, you must complete the free online training and pass the online test on the Drone Portal.

After passing your A2 theory exam, you must upload a signed declaration of practical training to the Drone Portal to receive your A2 certificate.

To pass the online drone pilot exam, you must answer at least 75% of the questions correctly.

To get your A2 certificate in Belgium, you must register on the Drone Portal and sit the exam either directly with the DGTA or at an authorized training center.

After your drone pilot exam, the training school must write a detailed assessment report with your grades, signed by the examiner.

Remote pilots conducting demonstrations with model aircraft weighing less than 1 kg must hold a valid 'Brevet B' and a specific qualification for demonstration flights.

Designated drone training schools must allow Belgian civil aviation (DGTA) inspectors free access to their facilities, classes, and records for audits.

To get your A2 certificate, you must already have an A1/A3 certificate, pass an in-person theory exam at the DGTA office, complete practical flight practice (self-study is allowed), and submit a declaration of practical training online.

If you are caught cheating during a drone pilot exam, you can be banned from taking any other exam for up to 12 months.

To fly a model airplane under 1 kg in a public demonstration, you must hold a valid 'brevet B' license and a specific demonstration flight qualification.

After your practical exam, the examiner must sign and date your assessment. The training school must register it, give you a copy, and send a copy to the Belgian CAA (DGLV).

The official approval for a drone training school is valid for one year and can be renewed if they continue to meet all requirements.

If you want to perform model aircraft flight demonstrations in front of a public, you must hold a 'Brevet B' and a specific demonstration qualification.

Key staff members of a designated drone training school must be present and available when the DGTA conducts inspections.

If you deliberately or carelessly violate drone safety rules, the authorities can ban you from flying for up to 2 years and suspend or revoke your pilot certificate.

A training school's official designation to conduct drone pilot training and exams for the Specific category is valid for one year, and can be renewed if conditions are still met.

Model aircraft clubs and associations are responsible for providing theoretical and practical training to their members as detailed in Annex 2.

Designated drone pilot training schools must allow Belgian civil aviation (DGTA) inspectors free access to their facilities, classes, and records for audits.

Designated drone pilot training schools must allow Belgian CAA inspectors free access to their facilities, classes, and grounds for audits.

If you want to fly a model aircraft in a public demonstration, you must hold a 'brevet B' and a qualification proving your high level of flying competence.

If you are caught cheating on a drone pilot exam, you will be banned from taking any other drone exams for up to 12 months.

Key staff and instructors at designated drone training schools must be present and available when the DGTA conducts inspections.

The official approval for a school to train and test drone pilots in the Specific category is valid for one year and can be renewed annually.

To pass the online drone pilot exam, you must score at least 75%.

The training school must appoint a manager who is legally responsible for making sure all training and assessments follow the official procedures.

If the DGLV finds any issues during an audit, the designated training school must fix them according to the DGLV's instructions.

If you want to fly a model aircraft for a public demonstration, you must hold a 'brevet B' and a specific qualification showing you have a high level of piloting skill.

When registering for the A2 drone pilot theory exam, you must submit proof of completing your online training and a signed declaration that you have completed the practical self-training.

Designated drone pilot training schools must allow Belgian civil aviation authority (DGLV) inspectors free access to their facilities, classes, and grounds for audits.

To fly a model aircraft on an authorized model airfield in Belgium, the remote pilot must hold either a 'brevet A' or 'brevet B' certificate.

Designated drone training schools must always follow their training manual and regulations, and their manager must sign a declaration confirming this compliance.

To renew your A1/A3 certificate after 5 years, you must retake the online training and pass the exam again.

In Belgium, even if you fly under a custom operational authorization (SORA), you must hold an STS certificate as your basic pilot qualification.

For the EU Standard Scenario (EU-STS) certificate, you must take your exam in person at a training center approved by the Belgian aviation authority (DGTA).

Once you pass your A2 theory exam, you must sign and upload a declaration to the Belgian Drone Portal confirming you have completed your practical self-training.

If you fail your first A2 theory exam, you must wait 7 days before you can register to take it again.

To fly in the A1 or A3 subcategories, you must complete the free online training and pass the online test on the Drone Portal.

To pass the online drone pilot theory exam, you must get a score of at least 75%.

If the DGTA finds any safety or regulatory issues during an audit of a drone training school, the school must fix them according to the DGTA's instructions.

If you fly a Category 2 or 3 model aircraft, you must be at least 16 years old and hold a 'Brevet B' license.

Designated training or examination organizations must continuously comply with regulations and their own manual, and this compliance must be formally declared and signed by their accountable manager.

If you want to operate as a drone training school in Belgium, you must get official approval from the DGLV before you can start offering courses.

To apply to become a designated drone training school, email your application dossier to uas@mobilit.fgov.be with the subject 'Aanvraag aangewezen entiteit'.

If the DGTA finds any issues or failures during an inspection of a training school, the school must fix them according to the DGTA's instructions.

To become a designated training school for drone pilots, you must meet the requirements set out in Article 14 of the Royal Decree of November 8, 2020.

If you want to apply to become a recognized practical training school for standard scenarios, you must submit your application online via the Belgian Drone Portal.

A training or examination entity must confirm its compliance with the applicable rules and its manual through a declaration signed by its accountable manager.

To be recognized for practical training under standard scenarios, your training school must meet EU or Belgian standard scenario rules, and only qualified staff may conduct training and testing.

To get your A2 drone pilot certificate, you must pass the A2 theory exam and upload your signed practical self-training declaration to the Drone Portal. The certificate is valid for 5 years.

You must pass your A1/A3 online exam before you are allowed to apply for and take the A2 theoretical exam.

Recognized drone training schools must appoint an accountable manager to ensure all training and assessment tasks are carried out properly and according to established procedures.

If you handle or fly dangerous goods, you must complete a training programme approved by the competent authority that covers terminology, handling, labelling, and emergency procedures.

This section establishes the acceptable means of compliance for transporting dangerous goods in the 'specific' category, detailing safety demonstration requirements, container standards, risk assessment factors, and training programme criteria.

This section establishes the technical, safety, and operational requirements for Class C2 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), including weight limits, height limiters, tether specifications, data link protections, low-speed modes, sound levels, remote identification, and geo-awareness systems.

Inspect the drone before flight to ensure there are no structural cracks or deformations that could cause a mechanical failure in the air.

Ensure your drone's control link is secure and firmware is updated to protect against unauthorized access.

Your organization's ConOps needs to clearly define who is in charge, how safety is managed, how pilots and crew are trained, how the drone is maintained, and how changes to the drone are tracked.

This section provides guidelines and a template for UAS operators to collect and present system and operational information (ConOps) required to conduct a Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) under Article 11.

Configure and test your drone's fail-safe behavior (e.g., Return-to-Home) so it behaves predictably if you lose connection.

You must hold the appropriate competency certificate (e.g., A2 Certificate of Competency) to operate a Class C2 drone, and operate it according to the manual.

Only use manufacturer-approved batteries and electrical components to avoid exceeding safe voltage limits.

To get a Brevet A, you must pass a theory test on drone/model rules and club regulations, plus a practical flying test (including emergency landings) with an examiner.

After a drone pilot practical exam, the designated training school must write a detailed evaluation report. This report must include grades, pilot and examiner details, and must be signed and dated by the examiner.

You must hold the required competency credentials for the subcategory (A1, A2, or A3) in which you are flying.

You must be fully familiar with your operator's procedures before conducting a flight.

Establishes the operational conditions, pilot competency requirements, and aircraft limits for conducting UAS operations in subcategory A1 of the Open category.

To fly a model aircraft, you must hold at least a 'Brevet A' (for models up to 12 kg) or a 'Brevet B' (for models up to 25 kg or 150 kg depending on the category).

To get a Brevet B, you must already hold a Brevet A and pass a practical flight test showing you can handle all flight configurations and adapt to the flying environment.

If flying a model aircraft under 1 kg in a demonstration, you must hold a 'brevet B' with a demonstration qualification, keep 10 meters away from the public, fly under 90 km/h, and use electric power.

If you are flying under a custom authorization (SORA or PDRA), you must complete any extra training or exams required by your specific risk assessment.

To get your Brevet A license for model flying, you must pass a theory test on the rules (including club rules) and a practical flying test showing you can control the aircraft and land safely in an emergency.

To fly a model aircraft in a club, you must hold at least a 'Brevet A' (for models up to 12 kg with engine limits) or a 'Brevet B' (for larger models up to 150 kg).

To get a Brevet B, you must already hold a Brevet A and pass a practical flight test with two examiners (at least one from another club) showing you can perform all flight maneuvers and adapt to the environment.

To get your Brevet A pilot certificate, you must pass a theory test on aeromodel rules and club regulations, plus a practical flying test showing you can safely control and quickly land the aircraft in an emergency.

The online A1/A3 exam has 40 multiple-choice questions and a 2-hour time limit. You need at least 75% to pass, and you are allowed a maximum of 3 attempts.

To get your Brevet A model pilot license, you must pass a theory test on regulations and club rules, and pass a practical flying test in front of an examiner at a model airfield.

To fly a model aircraft, you must hold either a 'brevet A' (for models up to 12 kg with engine limits) or a 'brevet B' (for larger models up to 25 kg or 150 kg).

To fly a model aircraft, you must hold either a Certificate A (for models up to 12 kg with engine limits) or a Certificate B (for models up to 25 kg or 150 kg).

When registering for the A2 drone pilot exam, you must submit proof of your online training (A1/A3) and a signed declaration stating you have completed your practical self-training.

To register for the A2 drone pilot exam in Belgium, you must submit proof of your online training (A1/A3) and a signed declaration stating you completed your practical self-training.

After a practical flight test, the designated training school must write a detailed assessment report, sign and date it, register it, give a copy to the student pilot, and send a copy to the Belgian CAA (DGLV).

If you fly a model aircraft under 1 kg in a demonstration, you must hold a valid 'brevet B' and a demonstration flight qualification.

The remote ID add-on you use must allow you to upload your official UAS operator registration number using the process provided by the registration system.

UAS operators in Belgium must submit their registration applications to the Belgian Civil Aviation Authority (DGTA).

This section establishes the mandatory registration requirements for UAS operators and certified unmanned aircraft, defining the thresholds for registration in the open and specific categories, registration location rules, and the obligation to display the registration number.

If you live or have your company registered in Belgium, you must register as a drone operator on the DGTA Drone Portal before you can fly.

Drone operators in Belgium must submit their registration applications directly to the Directorate General for Aviation (DGLV).

If you register a business on the Drone Portal, your main administrator must assign a Belgian citizen as the portal's access manager using the CSAM system.

If your drone has a camera, you must register as an operator on the Belgian Drone Portal, regardless of how much the drone weighs.

Model aircraft clubs and associations are allowed to register their members in the official operator registration system on their behalf.

As a drone operator, you must register on the Belgian Droneportal and label all your drones with your unique operator registration number.

Establishes the requirement for UAS operators to obtain an operational authorisation before conducting operations in the 'specific' category, defines exceptions (such as declarations or LUC privileges), and outlines the application requirements and update triggers.

If you live or have your company registered in Belgium, you must register as a drone operator on the DGTA Drone Portal before you can fly.

This section establishes the technical, data broadcast, and documentation requirements for direct remote identification add-ons placed on the market.

The add-on must come with a manual that explains how to physically mount it on your drone and how to upload your operator registration number.

The application for the flight authorization must include a risk assessment, operator registration, mitigation measures, and potentially an operations manual and insurance confirmation.

If you are flying under the Specific category, your operator must be registered, no matter how small or light the drone is.

You must register in the EU country where you live. You cannot be registered in more than one country at the same time, and you must keep your details up to date.

If you fly a drone in the Open category that weighs 250g or more, or is capable of transferring more than 80 Joules of kinetic energy in a crash, your operator must be registered.

If your drone has a camera or other sensor that can capture personal data, your operator must be registered, unless the drone is officially classified as a toy.

You must display your operator registration number on your drone if it meets the registration rules (e.g., weighs 250g or more, or has a camera).

You are not allowed to fly a drone in the 'Open' category within the VLL 0 zone (the immediate runway environment) of a civil controlled airport.

While the minimum horizontal distance rules are meant to protect people, you can also apply them to protect property and animals.

If you add any accessories (like a camera or payload) to your drone, you must weigh it to make sure you don't exceed its maximum allowed take-off weight or change its operational subcategory.

If you add any accessories (like a camera or payload) to your drone, you must weigh it to make sure it does not exceed its maximum allowed take-off weight.

You are not allowed to fly any drone in the 'Open' category within the VLL 0 zone (the immediate runway areas) of controlled civil airports.

You are not allowed to fly any drone in the 'Open' category within the VLL 0 zone (the runway and immediate surroundings) of a civil controlled airport.

You are not allowed to fly any drone in the 'Open' category within the VLL 0 zone (the immediate runway areas) of controlled civil airports.

If you build your own drone, you are allowed to perform test flights, but you must do so under the rules of the Open A3 subcategory (far from people and buildings).

Your drone must weigh less than 25 kg (including fuel/battery and payload) at takeoff to be flown in the Open category.

When near an emergency, make sure you do not get in the way of emergency helicopters or planes, and do not use your drone's camera to record or spy on the victims or emergency workers.

You are not allowed to carry any dangerous cargo or drop anything from your drone while flying in the Open category.

If you see emergency services active in your flight area, you must land or leave the area immediately, unless they have explicitly given you permission to fly. If you continue flying under authorization or while clear, you must keep a safe distance so you do not interfere with or endanger their work.

This section provides guidance for remote pilots and operators when an emergency response effort is occurring in their operational area, advising them to discontinue operations or maintain a safe distance, avoid hindering aerial support, and protect privacy.

The open category is split into A1, A2, and A3. Your rules and requirements depend on which subcategory you are flying in.

If you are flying an unmanned sailplane (model glider) along a slope under this derogation, your aircraft's maximum takeoff mass (including payload) must not exceed 10 kg.

Because subcategory A3 flights must be kept at least 150 meters away from residential, commercial, and industrial areas, they are considered safe enough to encompass the less restrictive subcategory A1 operational envelope.

Ensure your equipment is operating correctly to avoid causing radio interference during flights.

You must follow the operational procedures developed by your operator, which are designed for the specific risks of the flight.

If you are flying in A2 or A3 and have involved persons in the area, make sure they are briefed on the risks and have explicitly agreed to be part of the operation.

Open category operations are split into three sub-categories depending on the weight of your drone and where you fly relative to people.

You cannot hand over control of the drone to another pilot's controller/command unit while the drone is in flight.

When flying in the 'open' category, you must follow all the rules and limits (like altitude and distance from people) specified in Part A of the Annex.

Drone operators who intentionally or carelessly break the rules of the Open category can be banned from operating drones for up to 2 years.

You cannot fly close to tall man-made obstacles (like buildings or antennas) under the height exception unless the operator has explicit permission from the entity responsible for that obstacle.

When flying in the VLL 2 geographical zone in the Open category, your drone must not fly higher than 150 feet (about 45 meters) above ground level.

Model aircraft under 1 kg flown in demonstrations must stay below 50 meters in height, within 100 meters of the flight line, outside populated areas (unless approved by the mayor), and never fly over people or property.

Unless your specific site permit says otherwise, flights at a model airfield are restricted to a maximum height of 120 meters and a maximum horizontal distance of 400 meters from the center of the field.

In VLL 2 zones, Open category drone flights are strictly limited to a maximum altitude of 150 feet (about 45 meters) above ground level.

In VLL 1 zones, Open category drones are limited to a maximum height of 150 feet (about 45 meters) above ground level, and cannot fly higher than the tallest obstacle within 100 meters unless ATC permits it.

In the VLL 1 zone, Open category drones are limited to a maximum height of 150 feet (approx. 45 meters) above ground level, and cannot fly higher than the tallest obstacle within 100 meters unless air traffic control gives permission.

If you are flying a model airplane weighing less than 1 kg in a demonstration, you must not fly higher than 50 meters (164 feet) above the ground.

Unless your specific permit says otherwise, the flying area for a model airfield is limited to a height of 120 meters and a radius of 400 meters from the center of the field.

In VLL 1 zones, Open category drones are limited to a maximum height of 150 feet (about 45 meters) above ground level, and cannot fly higher than the tallest obstacle within 100 meters without ATC permission.

When flying in a VLL 2 zone in the Open category, you must keep your drone below a maximum altitude of 150 feet (approximately 45 meters) above ground level.

In the VLL 2 zone, Specific category drone flights are strictly limited to a maximum height of 400 feet (about 120 meters) above ground level.

Unless your specific permit says otherwise, you can only fly model aircraft up to 120 meters high and within a 400-meter radius of the model airfield's center point.

During demonstrations with model aircraft under 1 kg, the maximum flight altitude is 50 meters above the ground, and the maximum distance from the demonstration boundary line is 100 meters.

In this zone, Open category drones must fly below 150 feet (approx. 45 meters) and must not fly higher than the tallest obstacle within 100 meters, unless ATC gives you permission.

At a model airfield, unless authorized otherwise, you must keep your model aircraft within a 400-meter radius of the airfield's center point and below a maximum height of 120 meters.

The ConOps must clearly state your flight limits: how high and far you can fly, what weather conditions (wind, rain, visibility) you can operate in, whether you can fly at night, and what airspace classes you are restricted to.

Establishes the subcategories of the open category and defines the maximum height limits of 120 metres from the earth's surface, including exceptions for operations near tall artificial obstacles and for light unmanned sailplanes.

This guidance explains the background and safety measures for the unmanned sailplane derogation, which allows model gliders to fly along slopes up to 120 meters above the remote pilot, provided their maximum takeoff mass does not exceed 10 kg.

The drone must limit your height to 120 m. If the limit is selectable, the controller must display clear, real-time height information.

You must keep your drone within 120 metres (approx. 400 feet) of the closest point of the ground. If you fly over hills or mountains, you must adjust your flight path to maintain this distance from the sloping terrain.

If you are flying within 50 metres horizontally of an artificial obstacle (like a tower or wind turbine) that is taller than 105 metres, you can fly up to 15 metres above the top of that obstacle, but only if the entity responsible for the obstacle has requested you to do so.

When flying an unmanned sailplane along a slope under this derogation, you must not fly higher than 120 meters above your own position (the remote pilot), rather than measuring 120 meters from the closest point of the terrain.

If you are flying an unmanned sailplane weighing less than 10 kg, you can fly higher than 120 metres from the ground directly below it (for example, over a valley), as long as the sailplane is never more than 120 metres higher than you (the pilot) standing on the hill.

If you are flying in a geographical zone where the local authority has set a lower height limit than 120m, you must respect that lower limit.

This guidance material explains the 120-meter maximum height limit relative to terrain topography, the requirement to comply with lower limits in national geographical zones, and the necessity of obtaining explicit permission from the responsible entity to operate close to artificial obstacles.

You must keep your drone within 120 meters (400 feet) of the ground. This height limit follows the contours of the terrain.

You must fly your drone within 120 meters of the ground, unless you are overflying an obstacle under the conditions specified in the Annex.

When flying in a military danger zone that starts at ground or sea level, you must not fly higher than 100 feet (approx. 30 meters) above the ground.

When flying in a model aircraft demonstration with a model under 1 kg, do not fly higher than 50 meters above the ground.

Flights within active military danger zones whose floor does not start at the surface are limited to a maximum altitude of 100 feet below the lower limit of the danger zone.

This section provides acceptable means of compliance for UAS operations in subcategory A1, detailing the operational expectations regarding the overflight of uninvolved people for Class C1, Class C0, and privately built UAS under 250g.

You should maintain a horizontal distance from uninvolved persons that is at least the distance your drone would travel in 2 seconds at its maximum speed.

When flying in subcategory A3, you must choose an area where you do not expect any uninvolved people to be endangered within the entire range of your drone's flight path.

Keep a horizontal distance of at least 30 meters from spectators unless they are protected by a net at least 1.90 meters high. Model gliders must not fly lower than 30 meters directly above spectators and infrastructure.

Keep your model aircraft at least 30 meters away from spectators unless they are behind a protective net of at least 1.90m. For gliders, do not fly lower than 30 meters above spectators and infrastructure.

At a model aircraft show, spectators must be kept at least 30 meters away from the flight boundary, unless they are behind a protective net that is at least 1.90 meters high and strong enough to stop an impact.

At a model aircraft airshow, spectators must be kept at least 30 meters away from the flight line, unless they are behind a protective safety net that is at least 1.90 meters tall.

At a model aircraft show, spectators must be kept at least 30 meters away from the flying area, unless there is a protective net at least 1.90 meters high capable of stopping a model plane.

You must keep your model aircraft at least 30 meters away horizontally from spectators, unless they are behind a protective net at least 1.90 meters high. For gliders, you must not fly lower than 30 meters above spectators and infrastructure.

When organizing a temporary model aircraft airshow, keep the public at least 30 meters away from the flight line, unless you have a protective net that is at least 1.90 meters high.

Model aircraft weighing less than 1 kg must not fly over people or property on the ground during demonstrations.

When holding a model airplane event on a temporary field, keep the public at least 30 meters away from the flight line. This distance can be reduced if you have a strong safety net that is at least 1.90 meters high.

Do not fly your model aircraft over people or property during a demonstration.

At a model aircraft airshow, spectators must be kept at least 30 meters away from the flight line, unless they are behind a strong safety net that is at least 1.90 meters tall.

The risk assessment must evaluate the raw, unmitigated risk of hitting people on the ground (based on population and drone size) and colliding with other aircraft (based on airspace class, altitude, and location).

You must keep your drone at a safe distance from people at all times and never fly directly over crowds or assemblies of people.

If your drone is 3 meters or larger and designed to fly over crowds, it must go through a formal certification process unless it is a lighter-than-air aircraft.

You can only claim a sheltered environment risk reduction if your drone is under 25 kg, flies no faster than 174 knots, and the operation is in an area where people are inside buildings.

Before flying a Class C1 drone, check the area (roads, paths, etc.) to ensure you won't fly over anyone. If someone unexpectedly walks under your drone, fly away from them or move to an empty area immediately to minimize the overflight time.

If you fly a Class C0 drone or a home-built drone weighing less than 250g, you are allowed to fly over people who aren't involved in your flight. However, you should still avoid doing this whenever you can, and be extremely careful if you must.

You can fly as close as 5 meters to uninvolved people if you turn on your drone's low-speed mode and first check that the weather, drone performance, and area isolation make it safe to do so.

When flying in subcategory A2, you must not fly over people who are not involved in your operation, and you must keep at least 30 meters away from them horizontally.

This section establishes the Acceptable Means of Compliance for maintaining a safe distance from uninvolved persons during UAS operations in subcategory A2, defining how to calculate horizontal distance, introducing the '1:1 rule', and setting absolute minimum distance thresholds depending on the operational mode and aircraft type.

When flying in subcategory A3, you should maintain a minimum horizontal distance of at least 30 meters from any passing uninvolved person.

When flying in subcategory A3, you must ensure that your flight path and surrounding area remain clear of uninvolved people so that they are not put at risk during the entire flight.

When flying in subcategory A2, you must generally keep at least 30 m away from uninvolved people. You can fly as close as 5 m only if your drone has an active low-speed mode and you have evaluated the weather, drone performance, and the segregation of the overflown area.

This section provides acceptable means of compliance for UAS operations in subcategory A3, detailing how remote pilots should adjust operations when uninvolved persons enter the area and how to estimate the minimum horizontal safety distance from them.

You should maintain a horizontal distance from uninvolved persons that is at least equal to your flying height (the 1:1 rule). For example, if flying at 30 meters high, stay at least 30 meters away horizontally.

If an uninvolved person enters your operational range, you should adjust your flight to keep them safe, and stop the flight entirely if safety cannot be guaranteed.

This guidance material clarifies the operational differences between subcategories A2 and A3, specifying the minimum distances from uninvolved people for A2 operations and the environmental and distance limitations for A3 operations.

Your operation falls into the 'certified' category if you fly a certified drone and are either flying over assemblies of people, transporting people, or carrying dangerous goods that pose a high risk to others in an accident.

This section defines the criteria for classifying UAS operations in the 'certified' category, which is based either on specific high-risk operational conditions (such as transporting people or flying over assemblies) or on a risk assessment by the competent authority.

Keep your model aircraft at least 30 meters away from spectators horizontally, unless they are protected by a safety net of at least 1.90 meters high. Model gliders must not fly lower than 30 meters directly above spectators or infrastructure.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone over a royal domain (up to 4500 feet AMSL).

Flying drones is completely banned in military TMA and CTA zones when they are active.

You must obtain flight authorization from the zone manager before operating a drone in a designated UAS test zone.

You must notify the zone manager before flying a drone in a geographical zone protecting a civil paramotor or hot air balloon site.

To fly over a prison (up to 500 feet AGL and within a 100-meter buffer), you must have prior authorization from the zone manager, use a direct remote ID system, and obtain written permission if you plan to record video or audio.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone in a maritime port's designated UAS geographical zone.

Before every flight, you must check the Droneguide platform to see if there are any airspace restrictions or flight prohibitions in your area.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly any drone within a military domain UAS zone.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the Belgian Military Airworthiness Authority (BMAA) to fly in a military domain UAS zone.

Model aircraft flying fields must be at least 3 km apart, unless there is no risk of radio interference or the operators have a written agreement on frequency usage.

No new obstacles may be placed within 200 meters of a model aircraft flying zone unless there is a prior agreement between the airfield authorization holder and the obstacle owner to ensure safety.

If you fly higher than 35 feet (about 10.5 meters) above ground level in a military TRA or TSA UAS zone, you must obtain prior authorization from the zone manager.

A protective drone zone is established around published paramotor and hot air balloon sites, extending 0.5 nautical miles around the coordinates and up to 1,000 feet high. Pilots must be aware of these zones when operating nearby.

You are not allowed to fly any drone within 2 nautical miles (approx. 3.7 km) of the center point (ARP) of a military CTR airfield.

If you want to use cameras or sensors pointing at military installations in these zones, you must get prior approval from the military intelligence service (ADIV).

Fixed-wing drones are completely banned from flying in the VLL 0 zone of a civil airport unless you have explicit permission.

If you fly higher than 35 feet (approx. 10 meters) near a military explosives clearance center, you must stay at least 150 meters away from the boundaries of the military site unless you have prior permission.

You are strictly forbidden from flying a drone within 2 nautical miles of the center point (ARP) of a military CTR airfield.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly a drone within the geographical zone of a civil heliport (0.5 NM radius up to 4,500 feet AMSL).

When flying in military aerodrome zones outside their opening hours, you must obtain permission from the zone manager. If you use cameras or sensors pointed at military facilities, you also need permission from the military intelligence service (SGRS), and any BVLOS flights must use U-space services.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly over royal domains up to 4500 feet AMSL.

In a military Controlled Traffic Region (CTR), you cannot fly higher than 35 feet (approx. 10 meters) above the ground, unless you are within 50 meters of an artificial obstacle, in which case you can fly up to 35 feet above the top of that obstacle.

Fixed-wing drones are banned from flying in the VLL 0 zone around runways unless you have express permission from air traffic control.

To fly in a civil TMA or CTA geographical zone, you must obtain prior flight authorization from SPACC, and your drone must be equipped with direct remote ID, geovigilance, and geo-caging systems.

Before every flight, you must check the Droneguide map to see if there are any airspace restrictions or flight bans in your area.

You must notify the zone manager of your flight in the VLL 2 zone at least 3 hours before takeoff. If ATC does not issue any conditions or prohibitions, the flight is considered authorized.

Flying in Zone 2 of the Courtrai-Wevelgem Airport RMZ/TMZ requires a 120m altitude limit, 3-hour advance notification, start/end flight notifications, direct remote ID, geovigilance, and a registered phone number where you can be reached during flight.

Flying in Zone 1 of the Courtrai-Wevelgem Airport RMZ/TMZ requires prior authorization from the zone manager, a 120m altitude limit, 3-hour advance notification, start/end flight notifications, direct remote ID, geovigilance, and a registered phone number where you can be reached during flight.

Er geldt een beschermende geografische UAS-zone rondom civiele terreinen voor paramotoren en warmeluchtballonnen die in de AIP staan. Deze zone heeft een straal van 0,5 zeemijl (ongeveer 926 meter) rond de coördinaten van het terrein en loopt vanaf de grond tot een hoogte van 1000 voet (ongeveer 305 meter) AGL.

You are not allowed to fly a drone within 2 nautical miles of the center point (ARP) of an active military CTR airfield.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone over royal domains (up to 4,500 feet AMSL).

You must only fly your model aircraft within the designated flight boundaries of the authorized model airfield.

If a temporary drone restriction zone is set up for an event, you may be required to get permission from the event organizer before you can fly inside it.

For specific non-aviation events, the application for a temporary UAS geographical zone must be submitted to the DGTA at least 5 working days in advance.

In military danger zones that start at ground or sea level, you must fly below 100 feet AGL, your drone must weigh less than 4 kg, and BVLOS flights must use U-space services.

If your flight path crosses multiple drone zones, you must follow the rules for all of them. If the rules conflict, always follow the strictest ones.

You must obtain prior permission from the Belgian military intelligence service (ADIV) before using cameras or other sensors aimed at military installations in these zones.

You must obtain prior permission from the military intelligence service (SGRS) before using cameras or other sensors pointed at a military installation.

Flights in cross-border UAS geographical zones must comply with the specific access conditions published by the designated authority in charge.

You must get permission from the relevant public institution before flying a drone over its buildings or within 50 meters of its sides.

If you need to request a temporary UAS geographical zone, you must submit your application to the DGTA at least 10 working days before the planned activity.

If you want to fly a drone weighing over 900g or fly higher than 35 feet AGL near a military helistrip or heliport (within 0.5 NM), you must obtain prior flight authorization.

When submitting a request for a temporary drone zone to the DGTA, the applicant must also send a copy of the request to the National Crisis Center (NCCN) for information.

If you fly higher than 35 feet (about 10.5 meters) inside a military TRA or TSA zone, you must obtain permission from the zone manager beforehand.

To fly in a civil TMA or CTA drone zone, you must obtain prior authorization from SPACC and ensure your drone is equipped with direct remote ID, geovigilance, and geo-caging systems.

If you fly in a cross-border drone zone, you must follow the specific access rules published by the authority responsible for managing that zone.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly within the geographical zone of an uncontrolled civil aerodrome (up to 4,500 feet AMSL).

If you want to fly over or within 50 meters of designated public institutions in the Brussels Capital Region (EBR-01 zone), you must obtain prior permission from the institution itself.

Fixed-wing drones are completely banned from flying in the VLL 0 zone of controlled civil airports unless you have express permission from air traffic control.

In Zone 2 of the Courtrai-Wevelgem airport RMZ/TMZ, you must stay below 120m AGL, notify your flight 3 hours in advance and at its start and end, use remote ID (unless exempt) and geovigilance, and keep your registered phone active.

You are only allowed to fly your model aircraft within the designated boundaries of the authorized model airfield you are using.

In other military restricted areas, you need prior permission from the zone manager if you fly higher than 35 feet AGL or use a drone weighing more than 900g.

Do not fly your model aircraft within 200 meters of any obstacles unless you have the owner's permission.

You need prior permission from the military intelligence service (SGRS) to use cameras or sensors pointed at military installations in these restricted areas.

When an authority requests the creation of a temporary UAS geographical zone from the DGTA, they must also send a copy of this request to the National Crisis Center (NCCN) for information.

If you are flying as part of a model aircraft club, you can only fly on a model airfield that has been officially authorized by the Belgian aviation authority (DGLV).

You are completely banned from flying a drone within 2 nautical miles of the center (ARP) of a military airfield inside a military CTR.

Before every flight, you must check the Droneguide platform to see if there are any specific geographical zone restrictions or conditions in your flight area.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the relevant public institution before flying over it or within a 50-meter lateral buffer zone around it.

If your flight area is covered by multiple overlapping restricted zones, you must follow the strictest rules among them.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone in the geographical zone of an uncontrolled civil aerodrome.

You are not allowed to fly drones in military Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMA) or Control Areas (CTA) when they are active.

If you want to use cameras or other sensors pointing at a military installation in a military domain UAS zone, you must get prior permission from the ADIV.

Flying over a nuclear installation (up to 2000 feet AGL) requires prior authorization from the zone manager, a direct remote ID system, and an active geovigilance system.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone over royal domains (up to 4500 feet AMSL).

When flying in a military Helicopter Training Area (HTA) zone, your drone must weigh 900 grams or less.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the Belgian Military Airworthiness Authority (BMAA) to fly in a military domain UAS zone.

You are not allowed to fly any drone in military TMA or CTA geographical zones when they are active.

In military Low Flying Areas over land, you are only allowed to fly within visual line of sight (VLOS) and up to a maximum height of 150 feet (approx. 45 meters) above ground level.

If you fly higher than 35 feet (approx. 10 meters) near a military explosives clearance center, you must stay at least 150 meters away from its borders unless you have prior permission.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly a drone within 400 meters of a civil aeromodelling site up to 400 feet AGL.

Temporary drone restriction zones in Belgium are officially published on the Droneguide map website. You must check this platform before your flight to ensure you do not enter a temporary restricted area.

Only the official event organizer (a company, association, or public authority) can apply for a temporary drone restriction zone, and they must provide a valid safety or security reason.

If you fly higher than 35 feet AGL near a military explosive destruction center, you must stay at least 150 meters away from its boundaries unless you have prior permission.

Before flying, you must check the official Droneguide and respect any restricted zones or no-fly zones.

If your flight path crosses multiple drone zones, you must follow the rules of all of them, applying the strictest rules where they overlap.

When flying in military airspace, you must plan your flight using the DAA tool and check active NOTAMs before takeoff to ensure the airspace status has not changed.

To fly a drone near a nuclear facility (up to 2,000 feet AGL), you must obtain prior authorization from the zone manager, use a direct remote ID system, and have an active geovigilance (geofencing) system.

To fly in any geographical zone managed by skeyes (like EBKT), you must submit your flight plan and request access through the Drones & Aerial Activities (DAA) tool.

You are not allowed to fly fixed-wing drones (airplanes) in VLL 1 zones unless you have explicit permission from air traffic control.

You must obtain flight authorization from the zone manager before flying a drone in a seaport geographical UAS zone.

If you fly in a cross-border drone zone, you must follow the access rules published by the specific authority in charge of that zone.

When flying in a military Helicopter Training Area (HTA), your drone must weigh 900 grams or less.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the airfield manager before flying in a civil model airfield's UAS zone.

You must obtain prior permission from the airfield manager to fly a drone within the UAS zone of a civil model airfield.

You must obtain prior permission from the relevant public institution before flying a drone over it or within 50 meters of it inside the Brussels-Capital Region UAS zone (EBR-01).

Before flying a drone in a UAS zone protecting a paramotor or hot air balloon site (up to 1000 feet AGL), you must notify the zone manager in advance.

You need prior permission from the zone manager to fly in the EBR-06B and EBR-07B military zones outside their opening hours.

To fly a drone in a seaport's restricted UAS zone, you must obtain prior flight authorization from the seaport's zone manager.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager before flying in a designated UAS test zone.

To fly near a prison (within 100 meters and up to 500 feet high), you must have permission from the prison manager, use direct remote ID, and get written approval if your drone records video or audio.

When flying in cross-border drone zones, you must follow the specific access rules published by the delegated authority in charge of that area.

You are not allowed to fly fixed-wing drones in the VLL 1 geographical zone unless you have explicit permission from air traffic control.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly in a designated UAS test zone.

If a civil aeromodelling site has a designated restricted area, you must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager for every single flight.

Public authorities and legal entities are permitted to submit a request to establish a temporary geographical zone for drones.

You must get permission from the Belgian military intelligence service (ADIV) before using cameras or other sensors pointing at military installations.

When flying inside a temporary geographical drone zone, you must strictly follow the specific rules and restrictions published for that zone.

If your flight path crosses multiple drone zones, you must follow the rules of all of them, applying the strictest rules where they overlap.

Before flying a drone in a UAS zone around a civil paramotor or hot air balloon site (0.5 NM radius up to 1000 ft AGL), you must notify the zone manager.

If your flight path overlaps with multiple drone zones (whether permanent or temporary), you must follow the rules of all of them, applying the strictest rules if they conflict.

If a temporary drone zone is created for a civil aviation event (such as an airshow), you must obtain permission from the event organizer before flying inside it.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly within 0.5 NM of a civil heliport up to 4,500 feet AMSL.

If you plan to fly in military airspace managed by the Belgian Defence, you must submit your flight plan through the DAA Planner tool.

To fly a drone within 100 meters of a prison (up to 500 feet AGL), you must have prior authorization from the zone manager and a direct remote ID system. If you plan to record video or audio, you also need specific written permission.

You are not allowed to fly drones in active military TMA or CTA airspace zones.

Before every flight, you must check the Droneguide app or website to see if there are any special restrictions or conditions in your flight area.

You must obtain prior flight authorization from the zone manager to fly within 400 meters of a civil aeromodelling site up to 400 feet AGL.

Temporary drone restriction zones in Belgium are officially published on the Droneguide map website. Pilots must check this map to identify active temporary zones before operating.

To fly in the EBKT geozone or any other geozone managed by skeyes, you must use the Drones & Aerial Activities (DAA) tool.