# Drone laws in Singapore > Structured, citation-backed drone regulation information for Singapore, published by Drone Assistant from official sources. Every claim below links to the official material it came from. This is not legal advice, coverage is not exhaustive, and the linked official source governs. > Limited guide. Drone Assistant's coverage of Singapore is still under review, so this page summarises only the published rules we can cite to an official source. It is not a complete statement of Singapore's drone law; check the linked sources or ask the assistant about your own flight. Canonical page: [https://droneassistant.com/drone-laws/singapore](https://droneassistant.com/drone-laws/singapore) This Markdown file is a machine-readable representation of that page. It is generated from the same published data; it is not a separate content source. ## Regulatory framework - Jurisdiction: Singapore - Responsible aviation authority: [Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)](https://www.caas.gov.sg/) - Framework type: standalone national framework - Published rules held for this jurisdiction: 316 Singapore operates a standalone national framework: the rules below are set nationally. Legal status is stated for every rule below: binding law, AMC/GM (acceptable means of compliance and guidance material), authority guidance or other non-binding material. Guidance is never a statutory maximum in itself. ## Registration and pilot requirements ### Registration - Question: Do I need to register my drone in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: Whether a drone or its operator must be registered before flying, and under which threshold. Registration in Singapore depends on the aircraft and the operation: it applies once the published conditions below are met, each cited to the rule that sets it. Rules behind this answer: - **Affixing Registration Label** (regulation 47) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A registered responsible person for a registrable unmanned aircraft must permanently affix the registration label in a conspicuous place on the aircraft and ensure the unique identification number is clearly visible. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Mandatory Registration of Registrable Unmanned Aircraft** (regulation 42(1)-(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A person must not operate, or cause or permit another individual to operate, a registrable unmanned aircraft in Singapore unless it is registered with the Authority. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Notification of Change of Registration Details** (regulation 47(1)(c)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A registered responsible person for a registrable unmanned aircraft must notify the Authority of any change in their name or contact address within 7 working days. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Payment of application fees** (regulation 51) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An applicant must pay the chargeable fee before their application for a certificate, licence, or other document is processed. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Procurement of Registration Label** (regulation 44(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. Before applying to register a registrable unmanned aircraft, the applicant must purchase an official registration label from the Authority or an authorised seller. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Prohibition on providing false information** (regulation 49) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. It is an offence for a person, when providing their name, address or other proof of identity on demand to an authorised person under regulation 49(1), to make a statement they know to be false or to recklessly make a false statement; the penalty on conviction is a fine not exceeding $20,000 for a first offence and, for a second or subsequent offence, a fine not exceeding $40,000, imprisonment for a term not exceeding 15 months, or both. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Prohibition on Tampering with Registration Labels** (regulation 48) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. It is an offence for a person, without the Authority's permission, to intentionally damage, remove, tamper with, deface or mutilate any registration label installed, affixed or displayed on a registrable unmanned aircraft, where the person knows or ought reasonably to know that they do not have that permission; the penalty on conviction is a fine not exceeding $10,000, imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or both. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Remote ID Update and Transmission Rates** (2.1.2) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS specifies that dynamic remote identification messages must be updated and transmitted at least once every second with data no older than one second, while static messages must be transmitted at least once every three seconds. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) Limitations of this coverage: - 3 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-05. ### Remote identification - Question: Do I need Remote ID in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: Whether aircraft must carry or broadcast an electronic identity, and in which form. Remote identification in Singapore is tied to the aircraft and the operating category: the published triggers below decide whether a flight must carry or broadcast an electronic identity. Rules behind this answer: - **Activating External B-RID Module Before Flight** (regulation 19F(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A person who operates, or causes or permits an individual to operate, an unmanned aircraft without functioning B-RID capability must ensure that the B-RID module affixed to the aircraft is switched on before the aircraft takes flight. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Allowed Broadcast Methods** (2.1.2) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS specifies that remote identification information must be broadcast during flight using either Bluetooth 5 Long Range, Wi-Fi NAN, or Wi-Fi Beacon. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) - **Broadcast Frequency and Minimum Power** (2.1.2) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS requires the remote identification broadcast to meet specific minimum power levels: at least +5 dBm for 2.4 GHz Bluetooth, +11 dBm for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, or +4 dBm for 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) - **Broadcast Remote Identification (B-RID) Requirement** (regulation 19F(1)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A person must not operate an unmanned aircraft unless it has a functioning B-RID capability or is affixed with a functioning B-RID module capable of broadcasting remote identification information in accordance with Aviation Specifications 10. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **CFMS Tracking Device for UA Exceeding 250g** (regulation 19D(1)(a)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA operator permit holder must ensure that any unmanned aircraft with a total mass exceeding 250 g operated under their permit is affixed with a CFMS tracking device, unless the permit allows flight telemetry transmission without it. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Compliance with EN 4709-002 Standard** (2.1.1) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS requires that the broadcasting of remote identification information must comply with the EN 4709-002 standard adopted by the European Committee for Standardization. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) - **Prohibition on False Remote Identification Information** (regulation 19F(3)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A person must not intentionally broadcast any remote identification information that is false or misleading. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Remote ID Update and Transmission Rates** (2.1.2) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS specifies that dynamic remote identification messages must be updated and transmitted at least once every second with data no older than one second, while static messages must be transmitted at least once every three seconds. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) Limitations of this coverage: - Binding law and official guidance disagree on remote_id.built_in_remote_id; the binding position is published. - Binding law and official guidance disagree on remote_id.relationship_to_registration; the binding position is published. - 3 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-05. ### Remote pilot competency - Question: What training do I need to fly a drone in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: What training, examination or proof of competency a remote pilot must hold. Remote pilot competency in Singapore scales with the operation: which training, examination or proof of competency applies is set by the published conditions below. Rules behind this answer: - **Authorised Flight Examiner Authorisation Validity Period** (regulation 31) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An Authorised Flight Examiner authorisation may be granted or renewed for a maximum period of 2 years. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Authorised Flight Examiner Eligibility Requirements** (regulation 30(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UATO (the nominating UATO) may apply to the Authority for an Authorised Flight Examiner authorisation to be granted to a person (the nominee) who: (a) is employed or engaged by that UATO; (b) has attained 21 years of age; (c) where the application is made on or after 1 February 2021, holds a valid UA pilot licence; (d) has successfully completed a training programme approved by the Chief Executive; and (e) has successfully passed an Authorised Flight Examiner practical evaluation conducted by the Authority. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Authorised Flight Examiner Renewal Application Timeline** (regulation 30) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An application to renew an Authorised Flight Examiner authorisation must be submitted by the nominating UATO at least 2 months before the current authorisation expires. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Class A Licence Proficiency Check** (regulation 37) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA pilot licence holder must pass a proficiency check for each Class A category specified on the licence at least once every 4 years from the date on which the category was specified; otherwise the licence expires for that category at the end of 4 years after the later of the date the category was specified or the date the pilot last passed a proficiency check for that category. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Class A UA Pilot Licence Scope** (Second Schedule, paragraph 16) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A Class A UA pilot licence holder is authorised to operate an unmanned aeroplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift aircraft, or airship with a total mass not exceeding 25 kg. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Class B Rating Refresher Training** (regulation 37) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. In addition to the Class A proficiency check, a UA pilot licence holder with a Class B rating must complete Class B refresher training for each Class B rating at least once a year, conducted by a UATO or by a UA operator permit holder that employs or engages the licence holder; otherwise the licence expires for that rating at the end of one year after the later of the date the rating was specified or the date the pilot last completed Class B refresher training for it. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Class B UA Pilot Licence Scope** (Second Schedule, paragraph 16) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A Class B UA pilot licence holder is authorised to operate an unmanned aeroplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift aircraft, or airship with a total mass exceeding 25 kg, provided the specific rating is indicated on their licence. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Compliance with Instructions Sent via CFMS Mobile App** (250) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA pilot flying an unmanned aircraft operated under the authority of a UA operator permit must, at all times when flying it, comply with every instruction given by the Authority to the UA pilot through the designated mobile application. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) Limitations of this coverage: - 2 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-05. ## Operating rules ### Operational authorisation - Question: When does a drone operation need authorisation in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: When an operation needs prior authorisation, and how that authorisation is obtained. Whether an operation in Singapore needs prior authorisation depends on the operational category, risk class or location: the published triggers below decide it. Published figures: - Application model: permit (binding law) Rules behind this answer: - **Activating External B-RID Module Before Flight** (regulation 19F(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A person who operates, or causes or permits an individual to operate, an unmanned aircraft without functioning B-RID capability must ensure that the B-RID module affixed to the aircraft is switched on before the aircraft takes flight. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Active Use of CFMS Mobile Application During Flight** (250) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA pilot flying an unmanned aircraft operated under the authority of a UA operator permit must, at all times when flying it, either have on their person a mobile device on which the designated mobile application is installed and in active use, or have in their presence another individual who has such a device on that individual's person. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Activity Permit Application Requirements** (regulation 15) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An application for an unmanned aircraft activity permit must be made in the required form, accompanied by the specified fee, and include the applicant's identity, activity type, intended time, location, operating altitude, and operator permit if required. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Allowed Broadcast Methods** (2.1.2) — binding law; national rule; Standard incorporated by the binding rules. CAAS specifies that remote identification information must be broadcast during flight using either Bluetooth 5 Long Range, Wi-Fi NAN, or Wi-Fi Beacon. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) - **Application for UA Cross-Border Permit** (regulation 18A(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An application for a UA cross-border permit must be made in writing by the operator, accompanied by the specified fee, and include details of the applicant, the pilot, the aircraft type, and the purpose of the operation. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Application for Variation of UA Operator Permit** (regulation 13(1)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA operator permit holder may at any time apply to the Authority to vary the UA operator permit because of: (a) an addition or substitution of any unmanned aircraft type specified in the permit; (b) a change in the persons who operate, or (where applicable) who are engaged or employed to operate, any unmanned aircraft type specified in the permit; (c) a change in the key management personnel of the UA operator; (d) a change in the purpose for which the unmanned aircraft specified in the permit is to be operated and the nature of the operations specified in the permit; or (e) a change in the means by which flight telemetry data can be transmitted without a CFMS tracking device affixed to the unmanned aircraft. This rule states a permission to apply; it does not itself state a duty to apply. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Authorised Flight Examiner Authorisation Validity Period** (regulation 31) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. An Authorised Flight Examiner authorisation may be granted or renewed for a maximum period of 2 years. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Authorised Flight Examiner Eligibility Requirements** (regulation 30(2)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UATO (the nominating UATO) may apply to the Authority for an Authorised Flight Examiner authorisation to be granted to a person (the nominee) who: (a) is employed or engaged by that UATO; (b) has attained 21 years of age; (c) where the application is made on or after 1 February 2021, holds a valid UA pilot licence; (d) has successfully completed a training programme approved by the Chief Executive; and (e) has successfully passed an Authorised Flight Examiner practical evaluation conducted by the Authority. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) Limitations of this coverage: - Binding law and official guidance disagree on operational_authorisation.standard_scenario; the binding position is published. - 1 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-05. ### Beyond visual line of sight - Question: Is BVLOS drone flight allowed in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: Whether flight beyond visual line of sight is legally available, and by which pathway. BVLOS in Singapore runs through a defined authorisation pathway rather than an open permission: the published conditions below set out what that pathway requires. Published figures: - Authorisation type: permit (binding law) Rules behind this answer: - **Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) Requirement** (regulation 39(2)(b)) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. A UA pilot must keep the unmanned aircraft within visual line of sight at all times, unless their UA pilot licence explicitly permits beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Visual Line of Sight Distance and Contact Limits** (First Schedule, definition of “visual line of sight”) — binding law; national rule; National binding rule — binding law. Under the Regulations, 'visual line of sight' means that the UA pilot is able to maintain direct, unaided and unobstructed visual contact with the unmanned aircraft so as to monitor its flight path in relation to other aircraft, persons, vessels, vehicles and structures for the purpose of avoiding collision, and that the distance between the UA pilot and the aircraft does not exceed 400 m. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) - **Additional Pilot Knowledge for BVLOS** (Section 4.6) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS states that BVLOS pilots may be required to demonstrate additional knowledge and experience beyond standard VLOS requirements, tailored to the specific UAS and intended operations. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) - **BVLOS Application Information Requirements** (Paragraph 4.4) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS requires applicants for BVLOS operations to include a detailed description of the operation, the proposed risk category, and supporting justifications regarding containment and safeguards for flying over people. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) - **BVLOS Application Submission Requirements** (Section 4.4) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS states that applicants for BVLOS operations must submit detailed technical specifications of the UAS (including operational envelope, modes, and configurations), a completed Compliance Checklist, an Operations Manual, and a system safety assessment (including FHA, FMECA, and FTA). [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) - **BVLOS Risk Assessment Requirements** (3.2) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS requires operators applying for BVLOS operations to assess the severity and probability of both air risk (collisions and proximity with other aircraft) and ground risk (accidents involving persons and property). [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) - **Containment of UA within Operational Area** (Appendix 1, Section 1.1 (BG6)) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS states that during BVLOS operations, the unmanned aircraft must be entirely confined within the pre-defined operational area at all times, using technological solutions or operational limitations. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) - **Evidence for BVLOS Compliance** (Section 4.5) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS requires applicants to substantiate compliance with BVLOS requirements using evidence such as direct analysis, physical demonstrations (rig testing or prototype flights), quantitative/qualitative safety evidence, or design reviews. [Official source](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) Limitations of this coverage: - 3 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-05. ## Airspace and geographical zones ### Aerodromes and controlled airspace - Question: Can I fly a drone near an airport in Singapore? - Answer state: Conditional - Scope: What permission or distance applies around aerodromes and in controlled airspace. Drone flights near aerodromes in Singapore are governed by airspace and aerodrome restrictions: whether permission is needed depends on the airspace, distance or aerodrome type published below. Rules behind this answer: - **Declaration of Protected Areas** (Paragraph 2) — binding law; national rule; Geographical zone requirement. Any area described in the Schedule of the Air Navigation (Protected Areas) Order 2015 is declared to be a protected area for the purposes of sections 32 and 33 of the Air Navigation Act. [Official source](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S350-2015?ViewType=Pdf) - **Permit Exemptions for Approved Training Organisations** (2.4) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS states that approved UA Training and Assessment Organisations (UATOs) are exempt from obtaining a UA Operator Permit (OP) or Class 1 Activity Permit (AP1), but must obtain a Class 2 Activity Permit (AP2) for outdoor flights under restricted conditions. [Official source]() - **Recreational outdoor: Class 2 Activity Permit (UA ≤25 kg, any listed trigger)** — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. For recreational flying outdoors, you must have a Class 2 Activity Permit if the total weight of your UA does not exceed 25kg, and you are flying your UA in any of the following situations: at an altitude exceeding 200 feet above mean sea level; within any restricted/danger area; or within 5km of any airport or military airbase. [Official source](https://www.caas.gov.sg/unmanned-aircraft/requirements-for-flying-ua/) - **UATO Permit Exemptions and Activity Permit Requirements** (9.4) — guidance / non-binding material; national rule; Authority guidance — not binding law. CAAS states that while UATOs do not need an Operator Permit or Class 1 Activity Permit for training flights, they must obtain a Class 2 Activity Permit if flying outdoors above 200 feet AMSL, within 5 km of an aerodrome, or in restricted or danger areas. [Official source]() Limitations of this coverage: - 3 dimension(s) of this topic are not expressed in a machine-resolvable way by the published corpus and are reported UNKNOWN, never FALSE. Last verified: 2026-10-01. ## Visual line of sight (VLOS) Requirement (binding law, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore): First Schedule to the Air Navigation (101 — Unmanned Aircraft Operations) Regulations 2019 (S 833/2019): "visual line of sight" means — (a) the UA pilot is able to maintain direct, unaided and unobstructed visual contact of the UA so as to monitor its flight path in relation to other aircraft, persons, vessels, vehicles and structures for the purpose of avoiding collision; and (b) the distance between the UA pilot and the UA does not exceed 400 m. The operating duty is in regulation 39(2)(b): a UA pilot must, when operating an unmanned aircraft, ensure that the unmanned aircraft is within visual line of sight at all times unless the UA pilot licence allows the UA pilot to operate the unmanned aircraft beyond visual line of sight. - Distance: 400 m - What that means: This is a numerical limit set by binding law published by Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. - Legal status of the governing material: binding law (a limit set by binding law) - Governing layer: national (singapore) - Published expression: The 400 m figure is part of the binding definition of "visual line of sight" in the First Schedule, limb (b), and applies in addition to limb (a) (direct, unaided and unobstructed visual contact). Both limbs must be satisfied: 400 m is a ceiling, not an entitlement, and the unaided-contact limb can require a shorter distance. - Visual observer: The official sources reviewed for this jurisdiction do not settle whether a visual observer may be used, or with what effect. Layers that apply: - National (singapore), binding law, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore: First Schedule to the Air Navigation (101 — Unmanned Aircraft Operations) Regulations 2019 (S 833/2019): "visual line of sight" means — (a) the UA pilot is able to maintain direct, unaided and unobstructed visual contact of the UA so as to monitor its flight path in relation to other aircraft, persons, vessels, vehicles and structures for the purpose of avoiding collision; and (b) the distance between the UA pilot and the UA does not exceed 400 m. The operating duty is in regulation 39(2)(b): a UA pilot must, when operating an unmanned aircraft, ensure that the unmanned aircraft is within visual line of sight at all times unless the UA pilot licence allows the UA pilot to operate the unmanned aircraft beyond visual line of sight. - Method: The 400 m figure is part of the binding definition of "visual line of sight" in the First Schedule, limb (b), and applies in addition to limb (a) (direct, unaided and unobstructed visual contact). Both limbs must be satisfied: 400 m is a ceiling, not an entitlement, and the unaided-contact limb can require a shorter distance. VLOS sources: - [Air Navigation (101 — Unmanned Aircraft Operations) Regulations 2019 (S 833/2019), regulation 39(2)(b) and First Schedule definition of “visual line of sight” — informal consolidation in force from 1 January 2026](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?DocDate=20251212&ValidDate=20260101&ViewType=Pdf) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; binding law, last verified 2026-09-07 ## Official sources - [Air Navigation (101 — Unmanned Aircraft Operations) Regulations 2019 (S 833/2019) — consolidated text](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S833-2019?ViewType=Pdf) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; National binding rule — binding law; last verified 2026-10-05 - [CAAS Aviation Specifications 10 — Broadcast Remote Identification](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/4c90c620-0603-4258-817d-66859960710f/as-10_broadcast-remote-identification.pdf) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Standard incorporated by the binding rules; last verified 2026-09-30 - [Air Navigation (Protected Areas) Order 2015 (S 350/2015) — consolidated text](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/ANA1966-S350-2015?ViewType=Pdf) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Geographical zone requirement; last verified 2026-09-30 - [CAAS AC 101-2-1(8) — Permits for Unmanned Aircraft (3 July 2025)]() — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Authority guidance — not binding law; last verified 2026-09-30 - [CAAS — Requirements for flying unmanned aircraft in Singapore](https://www.caas.gov.sg/unmanned-aircraft/requirements-for-flying-ua/) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Authority guidance — not binding law; last verified 2026-10-05 - [CAAS AC 101-3-1(4) — Approvals for Unmanned Aircraft Training]() — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Authority guidance — not binding law; last verified 2026-09-30 - [CAAS AC 101-2-2 — Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations for Unmanned Aircraft](https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/175/98a228f6-0fbf-4c81-aedd-3d2ea73a76ec/ac-anr101-2-2-bvlos-operations-for-ua_301219.pdf) — Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; Authority guidance — not binding law; last verified 2026-09-30 ## Verification - Sources last verified: 2026-10-05 - Page built: 2026-10-07 - Regulations change. Where a statement says a value is unverified or not published, that describes the official material reviewed so far, not a finding that no such rule exists; please reproduce such caveats as caveats. - A rule shown here applies to this jurisdiction and to the operation described. Do not generalise it to other countries or to other categories of operation. - Site map for agents: [https://droneassistant.com/llms.txt](https://droneassistant.com/llms.txt)